黔东南州山地旅游气候舒适度分析

Analysis of Mountain Tourism Climatic Comfort in Qiandongnan Prefecture

摘要: 旅游气候舒适度是旅游活动适宜性的重要指标，本文基于2020~2024年黔东南州105处景点周边气象站观测资料，结合地形特征，深入分析黔东南州旅游气象舒适度的时空分布及景点视域特征，为全域旅游高质量发展提供科学支撑。结果表明：(1) 黔东南州全年旅游气象舒适度均处于I~III级，无IV、V级不舒适时段，旅游气候优势显著。(2) 空间分布上，全州旅游气象舒适度指数(Z)为5.58~6.17，均达II级舒适等级，中部、西部略优于东南部及北部边缘。雷公山“无夏型”、东南部“长夏暖冬”的气候特征共同打造黔东南特色“避暑核心区”与“避寒优势带”。(3) 海拔梯度分析表明，II级舒适区盛夏主要分布于827~1127 m中高海拔区域，寒冬集中于556~844 m中低海拔区域，寒冬总体舒适度略高于盛夏。(4) 黔东南景点视域空间连续性较低，呈现点状、带状、斑状及斑块状分布格局，高可视区集中于雷公山、云台山等西北部高海拔区域，东部、南部视域连续性强，片状特征明显。

Abstract: Tourism climatic comfort is an important indicator of the suitability of tourism activities. Based on meteorological station observational data from 105 scenic spots in Qiandongnan Prefecture (2020~2024), and taking into account the region’s topographic characteristics. Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution and scenic-view-based characteristics of tourism meteorological comfort in Qiandongnan Prefecture. Provide scientific support for the high-quality development of integrated tourism. The results show that: (1) Throughout the year, tourism climatic comfort is at Level I to III. No uncomfortable periods of Level IV or V occur. This indicates a remarkable climatic advantage for tourism. (2) Spatially, the tourism meteorological comfort index (Z) ranges from 5.58 to 6.17 across the prefecture. All areas reach Level II (comfortable level). The central and western regions perform slightly better than the southeastern and northern marginal areas. The distinctive “no-summer” climate characteristic of Leigong Mountain, combined with the “long summer and warm winter” climate pattern of the southeastern region, collectively defines the unique “Summer Retreat Core Area” and “Winter Avoidance Advantage Zone” in Qiandongnan. (3) Altitude gradient analysis shows that the Level II comfort zone during mid-summer is primarily distributed across the mid-to high-elevation range (827~1127 m), whereas the winter comfort zone is concentrated in the mid-to low-elevation range (556~844 m); overall, the comfort level during winter is slightly higher than during mid-summer. (4) The spatial continuity of scenic viewsheds is relatively low. Their distributions show point-like, band-like, patch-like, and block-like patterns. High-visibility areas are concentrated in the northwestern high-altitude regions, such as Leigong Mountain and Yuntai Mountain. The eastern and southern parts have strong viewshed continuity, with distinct sheet-like features.