浅谈牛病毒性腹泻综合防治研究

A Brief Study on Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea

摘要: 本文系统阐述了牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)的综合防治策略。研究指出，BVD病毒具有宿主广谱性，可通过垂直与水平途径传播，导致集约化养殖场传播风险升高。病毒在20℃~25℃粪便中存活3~7天，潮湿环境延长至21天，对畜牧业经济及公共卫生构成威胁。临床症状呈现年龄差异，哺乳期仔畜致死率高，成年牛症状较轻但影响生产性能。诊断方面，结合临床症状、流行病学调查及实验室检测(如RT-PCR、血清学检测)可提升准确性，其中优化后的间接ELISA与中和试验(SNT)分别适用于大规模筛查与精确定量。治疗措施包括抗病毒药物(利巴韦林、阿比多尔等)联合应用、支持疗法与营养管理，以及中药治疗(白头翁汤、葛根芩连汤等)的独特优势。综合防治强调差异化疫苗接种程序、生物安全管理体系构建(分区管理、人员三级消毒等)及饲养管理优化(分段饲喂、饮水卫生、环境控制)。研究为BVD防控提供了科学依据，强调多环节协同防控的重要性，以降低病毒传播风险，保障畜牧业健康发展。

Abstract: This paper systematically elaborates the comprehensive prevention and control strategies for bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). The study indicates that BVD virus features broad host range and can spread via vertical and horizontal transmission routes, which elevates the transmission risk in intensive breeding farms. The virus can survive for 3~7 days in feces under the temperature of 20˚C~25˚C, and its survival period can be prolonged to 21 days in humid environments, posing threats to animal husbandry economy and public health. Clinical manifestations vary with animal age. Neonatal suckling animals suffer from high mortality, whereas adult cattle display mild clinical signs yet suffer impaired production performance. For diagnosis, combining clinical symptoms, epidemiological investigation and laboratory tests (e.g., RT-PCR and serological detection) can improve diagnostic accuracy. The optimized indirect ELISA is suitable for large-scale screening, and the serum neutralization test (SNT) is applied for precise quantitative detection. Therapeutic measures include combined application of antiviral drugs (ribavirin, arbidol, etc.), supportive therapy and nutritional management, as well as the distinctive advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatments such as Pulsatilla Decoction and Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Comprehensive prevention and control highlights differentiated vaccination regimens, establishment of biosecurity management systems (including zoning management and three-level personnel disinfection) and optimization of feeding management (including staged feeding, drinking-water hygiene and environmental control). This research provides scientific basis for BVD prevention and control, and emphasizes the significance of multi-link collaborative prevention and control so as to mitigate viral transmission risks and safeguard the sound development of animal husbandry.