浉河区茶园土壤性状与茶叶品质相关性研究

The Research on Correlation between Soil Properties and Tea Quality of Tea Plantation in Shihe District

摘要: 为明确浉河区茶园土壤性质和茶叶品质的现状及其之间的相关性，通过对浉河区茶园所采土壤和茶叶样品的测定，明确茶园土壤性状和茶叶品质现状，并对其进行偏相关性分析。结果表明：供试浉河区茶园土壤pH值在4左右，低于茶树最适宜的最低pH值4.5~5.5；土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量丰富，均能够满足茶叶生长所需，有效磷的含量变异系数较大；董家河镇的速效钾含量相对较低。施用有机肥可增加茶园土壤细菌群落的丰度和生物多样性。所采茶叶样品的茶叶品质中，茶水浸出物、咖啡碱和氨基酸含量都满足优质茶叶的标准，茶多酚的含量偏低。茶叶百芽头重、水浸出物和咖啡碱含量都与土壤全氮量的偏相关性更为显著，茶多酚与土壤有效磷的偏相关性更为显著。

Abstract: In order to clarify the soil nutrient and tea quality in the tea plantation of Shihe District in Xinyang, soil samples and tea samples were tested and the quality as well as the partial correlation between them were analyzed. The results showed that: pH value of the soil tested was at about 4, which was lower than the minimum pH of 4.5 - 5.5 that tea plant is the most suitable. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable-N and available phosphorus were rich, which were able to meet the growth of tea. The variation coefficient of available phosphorus content was larger. The content of available potassium was relatively lower in Dongjiahe Town that was a new tea region developed by Xinyang City. It could increase the abundance and biodiversity of bacterial community in tea garden soil to apply organic fertilizer. In the tea quality of tea samples taken, the content of tea-polyphenols was low, and the content of water extractives, theine and amino acids were to meet the standards of high-quality tea. The partial correlation between the content of one-hundred-bud weight, water extractives and theine and total nitrogen in soil was more significant, and there was more significant partial correlation between tea- polyphenols and available phosphorus in soil.