不同强度的趋近–回避动机对反应抑制下刺激评价的影响

The Effects of Different Intensities of Approach-Avoidance Motivation on Stimulus Evaluation under Response Inhibition

摘要: 反应抑制是指抑制当前不需要的或不恰当行为反应的能力。研究发现，反应抑制可以减少行为频率并降低刺激评价。其中最具有代表性的解释来源于“行为与刺激交互理论”，该理论认为反应抑制形成的环境要求与刺激引起的趋近动机之间形成冲突，个体为了缓解这种冲突，从而降低刺激评价。但提出该理论的研究者的实验研究并不是从动机本身出发，而是首先强调刺激的积极的情绪效价，由此而产生趋近动机。问题在于，第一，并不能真正判定是否只是动机对反应抑制产生了影响作用；第二，实质上是假设积极情绪引起趋近动机，并认为所有积极情绪刺激诱发的动机水平是相同的，从而没有对动机进行操控，因而无法了解对引起不同动机程度的刺激的反应抑制是否会对刺激评价产生不同的影响。所以研究者的实验实质上并没有完全验证自己的理论。本研究主要根据前人研究的不足，根据情绪的动机维度理论——即动机作为独立于效价、唤醒度的情绪的第三个维度，将动机的类型(趋近–回避)与强度(高–低)进行严格区分，以探讨不同强度的趋近–回避动机对反应抑制下刺激评价的影响。未来研究可以进一步探讨动机对反应抑制下内隐评价的影响、反应抑制影响刺激评价的实效性等。

Abstract: Response inhibition is an ability of inhibiting behavior reaction which is not currently required or inappropriate. Some study found that response inhibition can reduce the frequency of behavior and reduce the stimulus evaluation. The most representative explanation comes from the Behavior Stimulus Interaction theory. This theory holds that the individual reduces the evaluation of stimulus because they have to alleviate the conflict between the environmental requirements for response inhibition and the approach motive of stimulus. But researchers who proposed the theory adopt the general emotional pictures in their research; they emphasize the positive emotional valence of the stimulus firstly, then the approach motive could be provoked by positive emotional stimulus. There are two problems with this. First, it cannot determine whether the motivation has an effect on response inhibition. Second, their research essentially assumes that positive emotions cause approach motivation, and that all positive emotional stimulus induces the same level motivation. It is still unknown that whether response inhibition to stimulus of different motivation levels causes different impacts on stimulus evaluation. This research mainly according to the shortcomings of previous studies, according to the theory of motivation dimension of emotional arousal namely motivation as independent of the titer of the third dimension of emotion, strictly distinguishes the motivation types (reaching avoidance) and strength (high-low), and discusses the approach of the different strength-avoidance motive stimulus evaluation under the response inhibition. Future research can further explore the influence of the motives of response inhibition; and effect of implicit response inhibition can influence the effectiveness of the stimulus evaluation.