畜禽类有机肥料的养分释放规律研究

Study on Nutrient Release Law of Organic Fertilizer of Livestock and Poultry

摘要: 选用腐熟的鸡粪、猪粪、羊粪和牛粪为试验材料，通过室内培养试验，研究了有机肥料中矿质氮、有效磷和速效钾的养分释放特征。研究结果表明，不同品种有机肥具有不同的养分释放特征。培养150天后，鸡粪的矿质氮、Olsen-P和速效钾释放量分别为37.88%、30.21%和84.49%；猪粪的矿质氮、Olsen-P和速效钾释放量分别为18.87%、60.07%和68.93%；羊粪的矿质氮、Olsen-P和速效钾释放量分别为11.71%、2.96%和42.71%；牛粪的矿质氮、Olsen-P和速效钾释放量分别为7.83%，66.02%，9.83%。表明各有机肥施入土壤经过150天之后，鸡粪仍会有60%~70%未被矿化或矿化后被重新固定的氮磷残留在土壤中，猪粪有50%的N和40%的P被残留在土壤里，羊粪90%以上的氮磷都被残留在土壤中，牛粪有34%的磷和90%的氮被残留在土壤中。

Abstract: A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using chicken and pig manures. The dynamic changes in mineral nitrogen and Olsen-P and avail-K were studied. Results showed that different organic fertilizers had different nutrient release characteristics. Respectively after the application of organic fertilizers in soil for 150 days, the releases of mineral nitrogen, Olsen-P and avail-K of chicken manure were 37.88%, 30.21% and 84.49% respectively; the releases of mineral nitrogen, Olsen-P and avail-K of pig manure were 18.87%, 60.07% and 68.93% respectively; the releases of mineral nitrogen, Olsen-P and avail-K of sheep manure were 11.71%, 2.96% and 42.71% respectively; the releases of mineral nitrogen, Olsen-P and avail-K of cow dung were 7.83%, 66.02% and 9.83% respectively. Results showed that after 150 days which organic fertilizers were applied, 60%~70% of N and P in chicken manure had not been mineralized or were re-fixed in soil; 50% N and 40% P in pig manure were residues in soil; 90% of N and P in sheep manure were residues in soil; 34% P and 90% N in cow dung were residues in soil.