早期肺癌无创筛查方法的研究进展

Advances in Noninvasive Screening for Early Lung Cancer

摘要: 我国肺癌的发病率和死亡率均位列世界第一，尽管在手术、化疗和放疗方面有进展，相比之下，长期生存率仍然很低。肺癌的高死亡率最主要原因之一是确诊时大多已属晚期，肺癌IV生存率仅为2%，而IA和IB期的5年生存率分别高达50%和47%。如果能早期发现肺癌，将会明显改善病人的生存期和预后。因此，对早期肺癌进行有效筛查是目前肺癌领域面临的主要挑战之一。肺癌生物标记物可用于筛查、检测、诊断、预后、预测、分层、治疗反应检测等，检测体液中的生物标记物是最方便和常规的临床程序之一，其中体液包括血液(血清或血浆)、痰、唾液、胸腔积液、呼出气体等。该文总结了在分子生物学方面早期肺癌筛查方法的研究进展及发展方向，不同于影像学检查、气管镜活检、CT引导肺穿刺取病理等现有手段，它具有无创、简便的特点。

Abstract: Lung cancer is the world’s highest incidence and mortality of malignant tumors and its five-year survival rate is about 15.6%. Despite progress in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in contrast, the long-term survival rate is still low. One of the main reasons for the high mortality rate of lung cancer is that the majority of lung cancer is advanced at the time of diagnosis, and the survival rate of lung cancer IV is only 2%, while the 5-year survival rate of IA and IB phases is as high as 50% and 47% respectively. If lung cancer can be detected early, it will significantly improve the patient’s survival and prognosis. Therefore, effective screening for early lung cancer is one of the main challenges in the field of lung cancer. Lung cancer biomarkers can be used for screening, detection, diagnosis, prognosis, stratification of the prediction, detection and response to treatment. Detection of biomarkers in body fluids, including blood (serum or plasma), phlegm, saliva, pleural effusion, exhaled gas, etc, is one of the most convenient and routine clinical applications. This paper summarized the study progress and the development direction of early lung cancer screening method, different from the existing means, such as, imaging examination, endoscopic biopsy, CT-guided lung biopsy for pathology, it is with the characteristics of noninvasive, simple.