核素显像在快速眼球运动期睡眠行为障碍中的研究进展
Research Progress of Radionuclide Imaging in Rapid-Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)
摘要: 快速眼球运动(REM rapid-eye-movement)期睡眠行为障碍(REM sleep behavior disorder, RBD)是一种由于REM睡眠期的正常肌肉失弛缓，而呈现出梦境相关的复杂运动的疾病，可表现为喊叫、怒骂、踢打，以及暴力相关的梦境。有病例队列研究随访发现，特发性RBD经时间进展14年后发展为神经变性病概率高达92%，即特发性RBD可作为神经变性病前驱症状。近年来，RBD与神经变性病之间的联系被大量的研究，关于RBD转化为相关神经变性病的特征性功能相关改变的影像标志研究也在进行中。本文从RBD的特点，RBD及神经变性病相关联系入手，回顾核素显像在RBD与神经变性病相关性研究过程中的表现及进展，从而找出有意义的核素显像手段从而帮助临床诊断治疗。
Abstract: Rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a REM sleep parasomnia clinically characterized by muscle atonia, unpleasant dreams and vigorous behaviors (e.g. shouting punching or jumping out of bed) while sleeping. There was even a case cohort study showing that the patients who suffer idiopathic RBD would even have a risk of up to 92% to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases within 14 years, that is, IRBD could be a preclinical marker of neurodegenerative disease. In recent years, the research on imaging signs of the transformation of IRBD into related neurodegenerative diseases are on study. This article focuses on the study of PET and SPECT on RBD and neurodegenerative diseases to assist the early diagnosis and intervention of clinicians of related neurodegenerative diseases.
文章引用：叶静怡, 张轩, 乔丹丹, 郭丹, 周凯丽, 王晓宁, 薛蓉. 核素显像在快速眼球运动期睡眠行为障碍中的研究进展[J]. 国际神经精神科学杂志, 2018, 7(4): 53-59. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJPN.2018.74009

参考文献

[1] Iranzo, A., Santamaria, J. and Tolosa, E. (2016) Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: Diagnosis, Management, and the Need for Neuroprotective Interventions. Lancet Neurology, 15, 405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[2] Schenck, C.H. and Mahowald, M.W. (2002) REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Clinical, Developmental, and Neuroscience Perspectives 16 Years after Its Formal Identification in Sleep. Sleep, 25, 120-138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Oertel, W.H., Depboylu, C., Krenzer, M., et al. (2014) REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Prodromal Stage of α-Synucleinopathies: Symptoms, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapy. Der Nervenarzt, 85, 19-25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Iranzo, A., Fernándezarcos, A., Tolosa, E., et al. (2014) Neuro-degenerative Disorder Risk in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Study in 174 Patients. Plos One, 9, e89741. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Iranzo, A., Molinuevo, J.L., Santamaría, J., et al. (2006) Rap-id-Eye-Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder as an Early Marker for a Neurodegenerative Disorder: A Descriptive Study. Lancet Neurology, 5, 572-577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Boeve, B.F., Silber, M.H., Saper, C.B., et al. (2007) Patho-physiology of REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder and Relevance to Neurodegenerative Disease. Brain, 130, 2770-2788. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Philipp, M., Klaus, S., Birgit, F., et al. (2015) Probable RBD and As-sociation with Neurodegenerative Disease Markers: A Population-Based Study. Movement Disorders, 30, 1417-1421. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Mckeith, I.G., Boeve, B.F., Dickson, D.W., et al. (2017) Diagnosis and Management of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Fourth Consensus Report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology, 89, 88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Iranzo, A., et al. (2017) Characterization of Patients with Longstanding Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Neurology, 89, 242-248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Mollenhauer, B., et al. (2013) Nonmotor and Diagnostic Findings in Subjects with De Novo Parkinson Disease of the DeNoPa Cohort. Neurology, 81, 1226-1234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Unger, M.M., Belke, M., Menzler, K., et al. (2010) Diffu-sion Tensor Imaging in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Reveals Microstructural Changes in the Brainstem, Substantia Nigra, Olfactory Region, and Other Brain Regions. Sleep, 33, 767-773.
[12] Ehrminger, M., Latimier, A., Pyatigorskaya, N., et al. (2016) The Coeruleus/Subcoeruleus Complex in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Be-haviour Disorder. Brain A Journal of Neurology, 139, 1180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Iranzo, A., Gelpi, E., Tolosa, E., et al. (2014) Neuropathology of Pro-dromal Lewy Body Disease. Movement Disorders, 29, 410-415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Arnaldi, D., Famà, F., De, C.F., et al. (2015) The Role of the Serotonergic System in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. 38, 1505-1509.
[15] Djang, D.S., Janssen, M.J., Bohnen, N., Booij, J., Henderson, T.A., Herholz, K., et al. (2012) SNM Practice Guideline for Dopamine Transporter Imaging with 123I-Ioflupane SPECT 1.0. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 53, 154e63.
[16] Iranzo, A., Valldeoriola, F., Lomeña, F., et al. (2011) Serial Dopamine Transporter Imaging of Nigrostriatal Function in Patients with Idiopathic Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Prospective Study. The Lancet Neurology, 10, 797-805. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Rupprecht, S., Walther, B., Gudziol, H., Steenbeck, J., Freesmeyer, M., Witte, O.W., et al. (2013) Clinical Markers of Early Nigrostriatal Neurodegeneration in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep, 14, 1064-1070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Walker, R.W. and Walker, Z. (2009) Dopamine Transporter Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography in the Diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Movement Disorders, 24, S754-S759.
[19] Holtbernd, F., Gagnon, J.F., Postuma, R.B., Ma, Y., Tang, C.C., Feigin, A., et al. (2014) Abnormal Metabolic Network Activity in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Neurology, 82, 620-627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Wu, P., Wang, J., Peng, S., Ma, Y., Zhang, H., Guan, Y., et al. (2013) Metabolic Brain Network in the Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Based on (18)F-FDG PET Imaging. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 19, 622-627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Ge, J., Wu, P., Peng, S., et al. (2015) Assessing Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 35, 2062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Sakurai, H., Hanyu, H., Inoue, Y., Kanetaka, H., Nakamura, M., Miyamoto, T., et al. (2014) Longitudinal Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Elderly Patients with Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 14, 115-120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Hanyu, H., Inoue, Y., Sakurai, H., Kanetaka, H., Nakamura, M., Miyamoto, T., et al. (2011) Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Patients with Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. European Journal of Neurology, 18, 784-788. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Vendette, M., Montplaisir, J., Gosselin, N., Soucy, J.P., Postuma, R.B., Dang-Vu, T.T., et al. (2012) Brain Perfusion Anomalies in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Dis-order with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Movement Disorders, 27, 1255-1261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Karlstetter, M., Nothdurfter, C., Aslanidis, A., et al. (2014) Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) Is Expressed in Reactive Retinal Microglia and Modulates Microglial Inflammation and Phagocytosis. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 11, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Iranzo, A., Santamaria, J., Valldeoriola, F., et al. (2017) Dopamine Transporter Imaging Deficit Predicts Early Transition to Synucleinopathy in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Annals of Neurology, 82, 419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Eisensehr, I., Linke, R., Noachtar, S., et al. (2000) Reduced Striatal Do-pamine Transporters in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder. Comparison with Parkinson’s Disease and Controls, 123, 1155-1160.
[28] Eisensehr, I., Linke, R., Tatsch, K., et al. (2003) Increased Muscle Activity during Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Correlates with Decrease of Striatal Presynaptic Dopamine Transporters. IPT and IBZM SPECT Imaging in Subclinical and Clinically Manifest Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Parkinson’s Disease. Sleep, 26, 507-512. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Peall, K.J. and Robertson, N.R. (2016) Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Potential Gateway to the Development of Disease-Modifying Treatments in Neu-rodegenerative Disorders. Journal of Neurology, 263, 1-3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Iannaccone, S., Cerami, C., Alessio, M., et al. (2013) In Vivo Microglia Activation in Very Early Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Comparison with Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 19, 47-52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Stokholm, M.G., Iranzo, A., Østergaard, K., et al. (2017) Assessment of Neuroinflammation in Patients with Idiopathic Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Case-Control Study. Lancet Neurology, 16, 789-796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]