N-(3-十八烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二羟乙基氧化胺制备

Synthesis of N-(3-Octadecanoxy-2-Hydroxy-Propyl)-N,N-Dihydroxyethyl Amine Oxide

摘要: 本文以十八醇、环氧氯丙烷、二乙醇胺和双氧水等为原料，通过三步反应合成N-(3-十八烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二羟乙基氧化胺，探索反应温度、投料比、反应时间、催化剂等因素对产物收率的影响，确定最佳反应条件。3-十八烷氧基-2-羟基-1-氯丙烷生成的最佳工艺条件：催化剂选用氢氧化钠，反应物摩尔比1:1.1，滴加环氧氯丙烷的温度是65℃，滴加时间1.5 h，反应温度95℃，反应时间5 h；N-(3-十八烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二羟乙基叔胺生成的最佳工艺条件：反应温度85℃，反应物摩尔比为1:1.2，反应时间4 h；N-(3-十八烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二羟乙基叔胺与双氧水反应的最佳工艺条件：60℃滴加双氧水1.5 h，80℃反应2 h，反应物摩尔比为1:1.1。在最佳工艺条件下终产物收率达到93.4%；对产物进行红外光谱表征，测定其临界胶束浓度为7.9 mmol/L时，水溶液的表面张力为23.2 mN/m，产物具有较好的表面活性。

Abstract: In this paper, using octadecanol, epichlorohydrin, diethanolamine and hydrogen peroxide as raw materials, N-(3-octadecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-N-dihydroxyethyl amine was synthesized by three-step reaction. The effects of reaction time, catalyst and other factors on the yield of the product were determined, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined. The optimum conditions for the formation of 3-octadecyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-chloropropane were as follows: sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst; the molar ratio of reactants is 1:1.1; the temperature of dropping epichlorohydrin is 65˚C; the time of dropping is 1.5 h; the reaction temperature is 95˚C and the reaction time is 5 h. The optimum conditions for the formation of N- (3-octadecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-N-dihydroxyethyl tertiary amine were as follows: reaction temperature 85˚C; molar ratio of reactants 1:1.2; reaction time 4 h. The optimum reaction condi-tions of N-(3-octadecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(N-dihydroxyethyl) amine and hydrogen peroxide were as follows: 1:1.1 mol ratio of reactants was 1:1.1 when hydrogen peroxide was dripped at 60˚C for 1.5 h or 80˚C for 2 h. The yield of the final product reached 93.4 under the optimum conditions. When the critical micelle concentration of the product was 7.9 mmol/L, the surface tension of the aqueous solution was 23.2 mN/m, with good surface activity.