纳米诊断学的研究进展

Research Progress in Nanodiagnostics

摘要: 癌症已成为人类第二大死因。目前临床的问题是：肿瘤的诊断与预后分类是建立在临床症状与病理因素基础上，不足以反映肿瘤个体患者临床的全部动态过程，并不能够完全预测肿瘤诊断与治疗效果；临床绝大多数抗癌制剂仍不能区分癌细胞与正常细胞，结果导致了系统性的毒性与严重不良反应，纳米材料具有独特的声、光、电、热、磁和力学性能，为肿瘤的预警与个性化治疗带来了新的机遇。目前，基于纳米粒子的早期肿瘤标志物检测技术、活体动态多模式影像诊断技术、基于纳米粒子光热转换效应基础上的显像治疗一体化技术、纳米缓释药物与纳米药物递送器件已成为研究热点，并已取得了重大进展。纳米材料与微纳制造技术基础上的肿瘤诊断治疗技术，有望成为攻克肿瘤的有效手段。

Abstract: Cancer has become the second leading cause of death in humans. The current clinical problem is that the diagnosis and prognosis classification of tumors are based on clinical symptoms and pathological factors, which are not enough to reflect the clinical dynamics of individual tumor patients. It is not able to completely predict the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Anticancer agents still cannot distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells, resulting in systemic toxicity and serious adverse reactions. Nanomaterials have unique acoustic, optical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties, which are early warning and personalized for tumors. Treatment brings new opportunities. At present, nanoparticle-based early tumor marker detection technology, in vivo dynamic multi-mode imaging diagnostic technology, imaging therapy integration technology based on nanoparticle photothermal conversion effect, nano sustained release drug and nano drug delivery device have become researches. Hot spots and significant progress has been made. Nano-materials and micro-nano manufacturing technology based on tumor diagnosis and treatment technology is expected to become an effective means to overcome tumors.