上下楼梯行人对流的Unity3D仿真模拟研究

Unity3D Simulation for Pedestrian Convection during Up-and-Down Stairs

摘要: 本文在基于社会力模型的理论基础上，从太原科技大学某教学楼出发，将经常发生拥堵的课间上下楼梯的行人流作为研究对象，利用三维建模软件3ds Max和虚拟引擎Unity3D对行人疏散进行仿真模拟，探讨了不同密度、不同疏散策略对行人上下楼疏散效率的影响。研究结果表明：随着密度的增加，行人随机无序上下楼会导致疏散效率的显著降低。实际中，在人流密度较大时，楼梯上采用“左下右上”原则或左右楼梯采用“左楼梯下，右楼梯上”原则，可提高上下楼学生的效率。本文得出的结果可为校园教学楼人群疏散方案的设计提供参考依据。

Abstract: Based on the theory of social force model, this paper aims at the pedestrian flow up-and-down stairs during the break in one teaching building of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology as the research object. The 3D modeling software 3ds Max and virtual engine Unity3D are used to simulate the pedestrian evacuation. The influence of different densities and different evacuation strategies on evacuation efficiency is explored. The simulation results show that with the increase of density, the fact that pedestrians go up and down stairs in a random walking will inevitably cause a significant decline in evacuation efficiency. In reality, when the density is large, to apply the rules “left down and right up in one stairs” or “down on left stairs and up on right stairs for two stairs” can improve the evacuation efficiency. The results obtained can be referred in designing the evacuation schemes for crowds in a teaching building.