春秋聘礼微探——以《左传》、《仪礼•聘礼》及《礼记•聘义》为核心

Study of “DiplomaticProtocol” during the Spring and Autumn Period—Based on Records of Diplomatic Protocol in TsoChuan, The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial and the Book of Rites

摘要: 礼乐文明构建了先秦的政治秩序与文化生态，但礼并非作为一个抽象的概念恒久存在，其产生、稳定与衰亡都伴随着社会历史的变革。因此，作为文本层面的礼往往与实际情况有所出入。笔者经观察发现，《仪礼•聘礼》的文本在仪节上多能于《左传》记事中得到证实，但行礼的主体却有着明显差异；《聘礼》的精神在于“礼尚往来”，而春秋时期的诸侯聘礼，却多成为以弱事强的外交手段。由此或可推知，《聘礼》文本的形成，确经过了儒家学者的理想化编写。

Abstract: The civilization of rites and music has constructed the political order and cultural ecology of the pre-Qin period. But rites did not exist as an abstract concept; its emergence, stability and decline changed with the social history. Therefore, rites in the books were often different from the rites in act. In this study, we discussed the difference of “Diplomatic Protocol” in the records of TsoChuan, the books of Etiquette and Ceremonial and the Book of Rites. We found that in the Spring and Au-tumn period, the original spirit of “diplomatic protocol” has in fact become a manner only to the stronger countries. Therefore, it can be inferred that Confucian scholars have idealized the records of “diplomatic protocol” in books.