大型建筑紧急疏散的动态优化模型及应用

Dynamic Optimization Model and Application of Large-Scale Building Emergency Evacuation

摘要: 本文针对大型建筑的紧急疏散问题，首先将建筑划分为多个区域，所有区域设为一个状态集合，区域人数设为状态值，区域间人员的转移数量设为状态转移量，构建出一个大型建筑的状态网络。然后，以疏散时间为决策变量，建立基于状态网络理论的动态优化模型。并在获得各区域的拥堵程度和潜在拥堵点的基础上，使用调度因子生成最优的疏散策略。最后，通过实例模拟验证了模型的可行性和疏散策略的高效性。

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of emergency evacuation of large buildings, this paper first divides the building into several areas, all of which are set as a state set, the number of people in the area is set as a state value, and the number of people transferred between areas is set as a state transfer quantity, so as to construct a state network of large buildings. Then, with the evacuation time as the decision variable, a dynamic optimization model based on state network theory is established. After obtaining the congestion level and potential congestion points in each area, the scheduling factor is used to generate the optimal evacuation strategy. Finally, the feasibility of the model and the efficiency of the evacuation strategy are verified by a case simulation.