扶贫小额信贷增收效果研究

A Study on the Effect of Income Improvement of Microfinance for Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of Heterogeneity

摘要: 为准确评估扶贫小额信贷的增收效应，本文利用内生转换模型克服内生性问题，并在此基础上利用Fields方法进一步测算了扶贫小额信贷对贫困户家庭内部收入差距的贡献程度。研究结果表明：扶贫小额信贷能显著促进贫困户家庭增收，且相比于一般贫困户家庭，扶贫小额信贷对低保贫困户家庭增收效应更为明显；贫困户家庭资源禀赋的异质性导致农户借贷决策和收入决定的异质性，进而造成扶贫小额信贷“精英俘获”现象的产生，且在一定程度上拉大农户家庭内部的收入差距。基于研究的结论，本文提出要重点关注资本薄弱的家庭和持续完善扶贫小额信贷政策的建议。

Abstract: In order to accurately evaluate the income increasing effect of microfinance for poverty alleviation, this paper uses the endogenous switching regression model to overcome the endogenous problem, and on this basis, the contribution of poverty alleviation microfinance to the internal income gap of poor households is further measured by the method of fields. The results show that: poverty alleviation microfinance significantly promotes the income of poor households, and compared with the ordinary poor households, the effect of microfinance on the income of poor households with minimum guarantee is more obvious; the heterogeneity of poor households’ resource endowments leads to the heterogeneity of poor households’ loan decision-making and income decision-making, which leads to the phenomenon of “elite capture” of poverty alleviation microfinance, and to a certain extent, it widens the income gap within households. Furthermore, based on the above conclusions, the paper puts forward some suggestions, such as focusing on the families with weak capital and continuously improving the microfinance policy.