糖尿病足风险分级与人口学因素的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis between Diabetic Foot Risk Classification and Demographic Factors

摘要: 目的：探讨人口学因素与糖尿病足风险分级的相关性，为早期分级预防糖尿病足提供依据。方法：对2018年12月~2019年12月的745例糖尿病患者进行病历的逐份回顾性查阅与记录，根据国际糖尿病足工作组(International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, IWGDF)风险分级系统对患者的足部情况分级，并进行患者年龄、性别、病程、文化程度、吸烟、体质指数、空腹血糖、血脂与糖尿病足风险分级的相关性分析。结果：糖尿病足风险0级、1级、2级、3级患者分别为382例(51.28%)、292例(39.19%)、53例(7.11%)、18例(2.42%)；不同糖尿病足风险分级患者病程及文化程度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；患者糖尿病病程与糖尿病足风险分级呈正相关(r = 0.125, P< 0.05)，文化程度与糖尿病足风险分级呈负相关(r = −0.128, P< 0.05)。结论：糖尿病患者病程越长、文化程度越低，糖尿病足风险分级越高，发生糖尿病足的风险越大。在临床工作中，医护人员应结合患者人口学特征，及时进行糖尿病足风险筛查，预防糖尿病足的发生。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between demographic factors and diabetic foot risk classification, and provide evidence for early classification and prevention of diabetic foot. Methods: The medical records of 745 patients with diabetes from December 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and recorded one by one. According to the risk classification system of the international working group on the diabetic foot (IWGDF), the patient’s foot condition was graded, and the correlation analysis between the patient’s age, gender, course of disease, education level, smoking, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and diabetic foot risk classification was performed. Results: There were 382 (51.28%), 292 (39.19%), 53 (7.11%), and 18 (2.42%) patients with diabetic foot risk of grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in course of disease and education among patients with different levels of diabetic foot risk (P < 0.05). The course of diabetes in patients was positively correlated with the grade of diabetic foot risk (r = 0.125, P< 0.05), and the educational level was negatively correlated with the grade of diabetic foot risk (r = −0.128, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The longer the course of diabetes and the lower the educational level of diabetic patients, the higher the risk classification of diabetic foot and the greater the risk of diabetic foot. In clinical work, medical staff should combine patient demographic characteristics to promptly screen for diabetic foot risk to prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot.