海洋沉积物重金属污染评价方法研究
Assessment Methods of Heavy Metal Pollution in Marine Sediment
DOI: 10.12677/AMS.2020.74014, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 刘 超, 刘淑君, 孟 莎, 李 超, 周 斌：国家海洋局北海海洋工程勘察研究院，山东 青岛
关键词: 沉积物；重金属；评价方法； Marine Sediment； Heavy Metal； Evaluation Methodology
摘要: 随着经济的快速发展，水体沉积物中的重金属污染越来越严重，对于重金属污染的研究也成为热点。对于水体沉积物中的重金属污染的评价方法有很多种，本文主要介绍了水体沉积物重金属污染评价具有代表性的方法，包括综合污染指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、生物效应浓度法、沉积物富集系数法、尼梅罗综合污染指数法。以上方法各有优点和不足，在实际应用评价的过程中，应尽可能地采用多种方法相结合的方式对重金属污染进行评价，使评价结果更加准确，具有可信度。
Abstract: With the rapid development of economy, heavy metal pollution in water sediments is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, study on heavy metal pollution evaluation becomes a hot topic. There are many kinds of evaluation methods about heavy metal pollution including comprehensive methods of pollution assessment, method of geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk index method, biological effect concentration method, and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. In the process of practical application evaluation, multiple methods should be used to evaluate heavy metal pollution as much as possible, so as to make the evaluation result more accurate and reliable.
文章引用：刘超, 刘淑君, 孟莎, 李超, 周斌. 海洋沉积物重金属污染评价方法研究[J]. 海洋科学前沿, 2020, 7(4): 97-104. https://doi.org/10.12677/AMS.2020.74014

参考文献

[1] 彭士涛, 胡焱弟, 白志鹏. 渤海湾底质重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J]. 水道港口, 2009, 30(1): 57-60.
[2] 刘成, 王兆印, 何耘, 等. 环渤海湾诸河口地质现状的调查研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2003, 23(1): 58-63.
[3] Williams, T.M. and Smith, B. (2000) Hydrochemical Characterization of Acute Acid Mine Drainage at Iron Duke Mine, Mazowe, Zimbabwe. Environmental Geology, 399, 272-278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Marco, G., Francesco, S., Maria, L., et al. (2001) Temporal Distribu-tion of Trace Metals in Antarctic Coastal Waters. Marine Chemistry, 76, 189-209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Tang, D.G., Kent, W.W. and Peter, H.S. (2002) Distribution and Partitioning of Trace Metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in Galveston Baywater. Marine Chemistry, 78, 29-45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Shum, M. and Lavkulich, L. (1999) Speciation and Solubility Relationships of Al, Cu and Fe in Solutions Associated with Sulfuric Acid Leached Mine Waste Rock. Environmental Geology, 38, 59-68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] Holmstrom, H., Ljungberg, J. and Olander, B. (1999) Role of Car-bonates in Mitigation of Metal Release from Mining Waste: Evidence from Humidity Cells Tests. Environmental Geology, 38, 267-280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Kunwar, P.S., Dinesh, M., Vinod, K.S., et al. (2005) Studies on Dis-tribution and Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Gomti River Sediments Tributary of the Ganges, India. Journal of Hy-drology, 312, 14-27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Hakanson, L. (1980) An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control: A Sediment to Logical Approach. Water Research, 14, 975-986. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] 国家海洋局, 国家海洋环境监测中心. GB18668-2002海洋沉积物质量[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002.
[11] 周笑白, 梅鹏蔚, 彭露露, 等. 渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(3): 452-456.
[12] 王胜强, 孙津生, 丁辉. 海河沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境工程, 2005, 23(2): 62-64.
[13] 于瑞莲. 泉州湾潮间带沉积物中重金属元素的环境地球化学研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2009.
[14] 霍素霞. 渤海沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2011.
[15] 秦延文, 苏一兵, 郑丙辉, 等. 渤海湾表层沉积物重金属与污染评价[J]. 海洋科学, 2007, 31(12): 28-33.
[16] 罗先香, 张蕊, 杨建强, 等. 莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(2): 262-269.
[17] Müller, G. (1969) Index of Geo-Accumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal, 2, 108-118.
[18] 尚英男, 倪师军, 张成江. 应用地质累积指数评价成都市河流表层沉积物重金属污染[J]. 微量元素科学, 2005, 12(10): 12-16.
[19] 王国平, 刘景双, 汤洁. 无尾河下游湿地重金属污染评价[J]. 农村生态环境, 2004, 20(2): 50-54.
[20] Zhang, L.P., Ye, X., Feng, H., et al. (2007) Heavy Metal Contamination in Western Xiamen Bay Sediments and Its Vicinity, China. Marine Pollu-tion Bulletin, 54, 974-982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Alessandro, B., Giovanni, B., Ni-cola, C., et al. (2006) Heavy Metals in Marine Sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). Marine Chemistry, 99, 227-235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Chen, C.W., Kao, C.M., Chen, C.F., et al. (2007) Distribution and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Chemosphere, 66, 1431-1440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Chatterjee, M., Silva Filho, E.V. and Sarkar, S.K. (2007) Distribution and Possible Source of Trace Elements in the Sediment Cores of a Tropical Macrotidal Estuary and Their Ecotoxicological Significance. Environment International, 33, 346-356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Abrahim, G.M.S. and Parker, R.J. (2008) Assessment of Heavy Metal Enrichment Factors and the Degree of Contamination in Marine Sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136, 227-238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] 陈江麟, 刘文新, 刘书臻, 等. 渤海表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J]. 海洋科学, 2004, 28(12): 16-21.
[26] 张雷, 秦延文, 郑丙辉, 等. 环渤海典型海域潮间带沉积物中重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2011, 31(8): 1676-1684.
[27] 范文宏, 张博, 陈静生, 等. 锦州湾沉积物中重金属污染的潜在生物毒性风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2006, 26(6): 1000-1005.
[28] 刘文新, 汤鸿宵. 河流沉积物重金属污染质量控制基准的研究(I)C-B-T质每: 二合一方法(Triad) [J] 环境科癸报, 1999, 19(2): 120-126.
[29] 甘居利, 贾晓平, 林钦, 等. 近岸海域底质重金属生态风险评价初步研究[J]. 水产学报, 2000, 24(6): 533-538.
[30] 陈静生, 王忠, 刘玉机. 水体金属污染潜在危害应用沉积学方法评价[J]. 环境科学, 1989, 9(1): 16-25.
[31] 刘芳文, 颜文, 王文质, 等. 珠江口沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态危害评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2002, 21(3): 34-38.
[32] 刘成, 王兆印, 何耘, 等. 环渤海湾诸河口潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 2002, 15(5): 33-37.
[33] 崔毅, 辛福言, 马绍赛, 等. 乳山湾沉积物重金属污染及其生态危害评价[J]. 中国水产科学, 2005, 12(1): 83-89.
[34] Vladimir, D. and Sigurd, R. (2001) Heavy Met-al Pollution in Sediments of the Pasvik River Drainage. Chemosphere, 42, 9-18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[35] 周秀艳, 薛向欣, 冷文芳, 等. 渤海湾秦皇岛段潮间带表层沉积物重金属污染分析[J]. 东北大学学报, 2010, 31(10): 1437-1440.
[36] 王小静, 李力, 高晶晶, 等. 渤海西南部近岸功能区表层沉积物重金属形态分析及环境评价[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2015, 46(3): 517-525.
[37] 李云海, 陈坚, 黄财宾, 等. 泉州湾沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价[J]. 环境科学, 2010, 31(4): 931-938.
[38] 董爱国, 翟世奎, 于增慧, 等. 长江口海域表层沉积物重金属元素的潜在生态风险评价[J]. 海洋科学, 2010, 34(3): 69-75.
[39] Long, E.R. and Morgan, L.G. (1990) The Potential for Biological Effects of Sediment-Sorbed Contaminants Tests in the National Status and Trends Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOSOMA 52, 8-60.
[40] Long, E.R., Macdonald, D.D., Smith, S.L., et al. (1995) Incidence of Adverse Biological Effects within Ranges of Chemical Concentrations in Marine and Estuarine Sediments. Environmental Management, 19, 81-97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[41] Long, E.R. and Morgan, L.G. (1998) Predicting the Toxicity of Sedi-ment-Associated Trace Metals with Simultaneously Extracted Trace Metal: Acid-Volatile Sulfide Concentrations and Dry Weight-Normalized Concentrations: A Critical Comparison. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 17, 972-974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[42] 王立新, 刘文新, 等. 应用生物效应数据库法建立沉积物重金属质量基准的初步研究——以渤海锦州湾海洋沉积物为例[J]. 内蒙古大学学报, 2004, 35(4): 467-471.
[43] Macdonald, D.D., et al. (1996) Development and Evaluation of Sediment Quality Guidelines for Florida Coastal Waters. Ecotoxicology, 5, 253-278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[44] 盛菊江, 范德江, 杨东方, 等. 长江口及其邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征和环境质量评价[J]. 环境科学, 2008, 29(9): 2405-2412.
[45] Buat-Menard, P. and Chesselet, R. (1979) Variable Influence of the Atmospheric Flux on the Trace Metal Chemistry of Oceanic Suspended Matter. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 42, 398-411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[46] 陆书玉. 环境影响评价[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2002: 163-164.

为你推荐