青少年手机依赖的纵向分析及其影响因素

A Longitudinal Analysis of Mobile Phone Dependence in Chinese Adolescents: The Risk and Promotive Factors of Mobile Phone Dependence Trajectories

摘要: 本研究的目的是探索青少年手机依赖的发展轨迹，以及性别，学业压力，心理痛苦，学业韧性和手机依赖之间的纵向关系。方法：采用手机依赖指数量表(Mobile Phone Dependence Index, MPAI)中文版、学业压力量表(Academic Stress Scale, ASS)、简要症状清单(Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI)和学业韧性量表(Academic Resilience Scale, ARS)，每六个月施测一次，连续施测三次，共有140人(32.3%)没有参加完整的三次测试，最后得到293名学生，其中男生109人(37.2%)，女生184人(62.8%)，平均年龄为17.46。结果：潜类别增长模型结果显示手机依赖的发展轨迹存在显著的个体差异，表现为四条异质亚组发展轨迹，分别为低水平下降组(33.4%)、中低水平稳定组(42.1%)、中高水平增长组(22.3%)和高水平增长组(2.2%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，高水平增长组和中高水平增长组的心理痛苦水平显著高于低水平下降组。研究结果为发现青少年手机依赖的风险群体以及促进更有效的干预提供了启示。

Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify the latent classes of mobile phone dependence trajectory patterns, and to examine the associations between gender, academic stress, psychological distress and academic resilience and these patterns. We used the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Dependence Index (MPAI), the Academic Stress Scale (ASS), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) in the research. The participants were 293 10th grade students and they filled in the questionnaires over 3 waves, with an interval of 6 months between each wave. A total of 140 people (32.3%) did not participate in the three complete tests. In the end, 293 students remained, including 109 boys (37.2%) and 184 girls (62.8%), and the average age is 17.46. Latent Class Growth Modeling was used to identify sub populations and four latent classes were observed: low-decreasing class (33.4%), medium-low level stable class (42.1%), medium-high increasing class (22.3%) and High-increasing class (2.2%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that psychological distress was significantly higher in the high-increasing class and medium-high increasing class, compared with the Low decreasing class. Our findings provided implications for discovering the risk groups of MPD and facilitating a more effective intervention.