山东烟区不适用鲜烟叶处理片数及时期对烤烟产质量影响

Effects of Number and Treatment Period of Unsuitable Fresh Tobacco Leaves on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Shandong Growing Areas

摘要: 为了明确山东烟区不适用鲜烟叶田间处理的最佳摘除叶数和处理时期，采用多点田间试验，研究了6种处理组合对烤烟经济性状、烟叶常规化学成分、烟叶感官评吸质量的影响。试验结果显示，不适用鲜烟叶处理后，1) 6种处理方式均可提升烟叶外观质量；2) 6种处理都提高了上等烟比例；降低了单位面积产量，但减产幅度不大；3) 6种处理的烟叶烟碱和总氮含量基本表现为下降趋势，总糖和还原糖含量有上升趋势，烟叶的糖碱比和氮碱比也有增加趋势，烟叶主要化学成分协调性均趋好；4) 平顶期实施不适用鲜烟叶处理措施所产烟叶评吸质量优于打顶期实施。综合分析烟叶外观质量、经济效益、常规化学成分协调性和感官评吸质量，初步认为，实施不适用鲜烟叶处理有利于提高烟叶工业可用性；平顶期是处理不适用鲜烟叶最佳时期。该研究对于山东烟区烟叶提质增效具有重要的指导意义。

Abstract: In order to identify the best number of leaves removed and treatment period for unsuitable fresh tobacco in Shandong tobacco growing area, the effects of six treatment on the economic characters, conventional chemical composition and sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by multi-point field experiment. The results showed that: 1) all the six treatments could improve the appearance quality of tobacco leaves; 2) all the six treatments increased the proportion of superior tobacco leaves and reduced the yield per unit area, but the yield reduction was small; 3) the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of tobacco leaves of the six treatments basically showed a downward trend, while the total sugar and reduced sugar contents had an upward trend, and ratio of sugar to nicotine of tobacco leaves increased; 4) the smoking quality of tobacco leaves produced in the flat top period was better than that in the topping period. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the appearance quality, economic benefits, coordination of conventional chemical components and sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves, it was preliminarily considered that the implementation of the treatment of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves was conducive to improving the industrial usability of tobacco leaves, and the flat top period was the best period for the treatment of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves. This study has important guiding significance for improving the quality and efficiency of tobacco in the area of Shandong Province.