蟋蟀次目昆虫物种多样性研究进展

Advances in the Species Diversity of the Infraorder Gryllidea of the World

摘要: 本文依据世界直翅目物种档案在线系统(OSF)，统计了蟋蟀次目1758~2019年间所发表的有效属种，共计765属6161种(亚种)。根据历年发表有效属种(亚种)数量进行统计和规律分析，结果表明：蟋蟀次目物种多样性认知可分为3个阶段：1758~1868 (孕育初创期)，在111年间仅记录29属153种(亚种)；1869~1982 (发展过渡期)，在114年间记录了278属2279种(亚种)；1983~2019 (快速发展期)，在37年间记录了458属3729种(亚种)，并分析了每个阶段物种多样性认知特点。蟋蟀次目的现生种类有691属6012种(亚种)，分别占总数的90.33%和97.58%；在科级阶元中，蟋蟀科物种多样性最丰富，达3316种(亚种)，占总数的55. 16%；统计显示：亚洲(热带部分)、南美洲和非洲的物种多样性最丰富，并认为是这些地区多样性水平仍有较大提升空间。最后，分析了物种多样性研究仍存在的主要问题，并对未来的研究进行了展望。

Abstract: According to the Orthoptera Species File (OSF), the effective genera and species of the infraorder Gryllidea published from 1758 to 2019 are counted, which are 6161 species or subspecies of 765 genera. According to the statistics and regular analysis of the number of effective genera, species and subspecies published over the years, the results showed that the cognition of the diversity of the infraorder Gryllidea can be divided into three stages: initial stage (1758~1868), transitional period of development (1869~1982) and rapid development stage (1983~2019). Among them, only 153 species or subspecies of 29 genera were recorded in 111 years of the first stage, which was in the primary stage. A total of 2279 species or subspecies belonging to 278 genera were recorded during the 114 years of the second stage, which showed that a large number of new taxa were found and established, and more taxonomic features were found and applied. The phylogenetic relationships among different taxonomic taxa were constantly concerned. In the 37 years of the third stage, a total of 3729 species or subspecies of 458 genera were recorded, which showed that the study area was more extensive, the classification methods were increased, and the research team was more professional. The species diversity increased greatly in the short term. As of December 2019, there are 691 extant genera, 6012 extant species or subspecies of the infraorder Gryllidea, accounting for 90.33% and 97.58% of the total known species, respectively; in the family level, the species diversity of the family Gryllidae is the most abundant, reaching 3316 species or subspecies, accounting for 55.16% of the total species of the infraorder Gryllidea. In the macroscopic diversity pattern, Asia (tropical part), South America and Africa are the most abundant areas of cricket species diversity. These areas are still important areas for the improvement of diversity potential in the future. Finally, the main problems in the research on the diversity of the infraorder Gryllidea were analyzed, and the future research was prospected.