抑郁症患者认知功能的影响因素及其与人格特征、应对方式之间的相关性研究

A Study on the Influence Factors of Cognitive Function and Their Correlation with Personality Characteristics and Coping Styles in Patients with Depression

摘要: 目的：研究基本的人口学变量对抑郁症患者认知功能的影响，进一步了解抑郁症患者在认知功能受损下的人格特征的特点以及日常处理问题的应对方式，并分析三者间的相关性。方法：采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)的评分作为纳入标准，总分超过60即中度抑郁以上，以及功能失调性状况量表总分高于130作为标准，符合两个标准方才纳入。应用艾森克人格问卷简式量表(EPQ-RSC)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)来研究抑郁症病患认知功能受损下的人格特征和应对方式。总共接受问卷调查113人，最后纳入75人。应用SPSS软件进行分析，对人口学变量采用独立样本t检验，有多组水平的进行单因素方差分析。在对人格特征、应对方式与抑郁症认知功能进行相关性研究中，采用Pearson相关性分析。采用多元回归分析来预测人格特征和应对方式对于抑郁症认知功能损害的影响。结果：认知功能的影响因素有年龄、性别、生源地、是否独生、受教育程度(P > 0.05)均无显著统计学差异。人格特征中神经质维度与抑郁症认知功能损害正相关(γ = 0.438; P < 0.05)，内外倾性维度与抑郁症认知功能损害负相关(γ = −0.335; P < 0.05)；应对方式积极方式与抑郁症认知功能损害负相关(γ= −0.415; P < 0.05)，消极应对方式与抑郁症认知功能损害正相关(γ = 0.299; P < 0.05)。结论：人口学变量对抑郁症患者的认知功能影响不大，人格特征和应对方式与抑郁症认知功能有着密切关系，神经质、消极方式和积极方式会对抑郁症认知功能产生显著影响并有预测作用。

Abstract: Objective: To study the impact of basic demographic variables on the cognitive function of patients with depression, to further understand the personality characteristics of patients with depression with impaired cognitive function and the coping style of daily dealing with problems, and to analyze the correlation among them. Methods: The score of self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used as the inclusion criteria, with a total score of more than 60 indicating moderate depression and a total score of more than 130 as the criteria. Inclusion criteria were only met when the two criteria were met. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RSC) and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to study the personality characteristics and coping styles of depressed patients with im-paired cognitive function. A total of 113 people were surveyed, and 75 were finally included. SPSS software was used for analysis, independent sample T test was used for demographic variables, and one-way ANOVA was performed for multiple groups of levels. Pearson correlation analysis was used in the correlation study of personality characteristics, coping style and cognitive function of depres-sion. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the effects of personality traits and coping styles on cognitive impairment of depression. Results: Factors influencing cognitive function include age, gender, place of origin, one-child or not, and education level (P > 0.05); there was no significant statistical difference. Neuroticism was positively correlated with cognitive impairment in depres-sion (γ = 0.438; P < 0.05); the extraverted dimension was negatively correlated with cognitive im-pairment of depression (γ = −0.335; P < 0.05); positive coping styles were negatively correlated with cognitive impairment in depression (γ = −0.415; P < 0.05), negative coping style was positively correlated with cognitive impairment of depression (γ = 0.299; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Demographic variables have little influence on the cognitive function of patients with depression. Personality characteristics and coping styles are closely related to the cognitive function of depression. Neuroti-cism, negative and positive ways have significant influence and predictive effect on the cognitive function of depression.