种植密度对不同大豆品种产量性状的影响

Analysis of Soybean Yield Related Traits under Different Planting Density with Different Varities

摘要: 大豆是我国重要的粮食作物，大豆中蛋白质、脂肪含量很高，具有极好的营养价值。提高大豆产量是我国大豆急需解决的问题。在农作物栽培中，合理的群体密度是确保高产稳产的主要措施之一。为了明确东农几个大豆品种的最适种植密度，以便充分发挥大豆的增产能力。本文采用东农251、东农252、东农253、东农42E品系、东农42E品系包衣种五种品种进行试验，设置10万株/公顷、12万株/公顷、14万株/公顷、16万株/公顷、18万株/公顷五种种植密度，采用随机区组设计进行种植，收获后测量五个品种、五种密度条件下的株高、分枝数、百粒重、单株粒重表型数据，并从中每个品种每种密度随机抽取50株样本进行描述性分析和通径分析，得到了五种品种的最适种植密度。得到如下结论：随着密度的增长，各品种的产量都会逐步增大；每个品种存在一个最适密度，东农251品种、东农252品种、东农253品种和东农42E品系在16万株/公顷的密度条件下产量最高，高密度和低密度都无法达到最高产量；而东农42E品系包衣种的最适密度是18万株/公顷。通过本次试验，确定最适密度，以便在以后种植时选取最适密度，提高单位面积大豆产量，充分发挥品种的增产能力。

Abstract: Soybean is an important food crop in China. The content of protein and fat in soybeans is very high, and it has excellent nutritional value. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to improve soybean production in China. In crop cultivation, reasonable population density is one of the main measures to ensure high and stable yield. Generally speaking, the yield of soybean population will increase with the increase of density. In order to clarify the optimum planting density of several soybean varieties in east agriculture, we should give full play to the soybean production capacity. In this paper, five varieties of East Nong 251, Dong Nong 252, Dong Nong 253, Dong Nong 42E and Dong Nong 42E coat seed coat were tested, and five planting densities of 100 thousand plants/ha, 120 thousand plant/ha, 140 thousand/hectare, 160 thousand/ha, 180 thousand/ha were planted by random region design, and five varieties were measured after harvest. The data of plant height, branch number, 100 grain weight and single plant weight under five density conditions were collected, and 50 samples were randomly selected from each species for descriptive analysis and path analysis, and the optimum planting density of five varieties was obtained. The results are as follows: with the increase of density, the yield of each variety will increase gradually. There is an optimum density for each variety. The yield of East farmer 251, Dong Nong 252, Dong Nong 253 and Dong Nong 42E is the highest under the density of 160 thousand plant per hectare, and both high density and low density cannot reach the highest yield. The optimum density of the seed coat of Dong Nong 42E strain was 180 thousand plants per hectare. Through this experiment, the optimum density is determined so as to select the optimum density in the future, to increase the yield per unit area of soybean, and to give full play to the yield increasing ability of the varieties.