桂西北岩溶地区构树籽油成分分析及开发利用探讨

Composition Analysis and Exploitation Discussion of Seed Oil of Broussonetia papyrifera in Karst Area of the Northwest Guangxi

摘要: 为了进一步开发利用桂西北岩溶地区丰富的植物资源，充分发挥其生态经济效益，服务区域经济发展，利用Folch法提取构树籽油，并测定其理化性质，使用氢氧化钾–甲醇法将构树籽油甲酯化，利用气相色谱–质谱仪检定其脂肪酸组成来评估构树籽油开发利用价值。结果表明：构树籽的平均出油率为26.96%，构树籽油脂的过氧化值为0.42 g/100 g、酸价为0.90 mg/g、碘值为134.17 g/100 g，相对密度为911.87 g/L (25℃)，其由五种脂肪酸组成，不饱和脂肪酸只有亚油酸一种，含量高达87.09%，其余四种皆为饱和脂肪酸，分别是棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸，含量为8.17%、4.56%、0.12%、0.06%。将构树籽油和其他食用植物油同时上机检测，通过对比分析发现：在所检测的10种植物油中，构树籽油的亚油酸含量最高，且不饱和脂肪酸含量高于市场上销售的优质食用植物油(橄榄油、芝麻油、核桃油、普通山茶油)，其营养价值与精炼山茶油接近，构树籽油具有较高的抗氧化性，是一种极具开发潜力的天然功能性植物油。

Abstract: In order to further develop and utilize the abundant plant resources in the karst areas of north-west Guangxi, give full play to its ecological and economic benefits, and serve the regional eco-nomic development, the Folch method is used to extract the Broussonetia papyrifera seed oil and determine its physical and chemical properties. The potassium hydroxide-methanol method is used to methylate B. papyrifera seed oil, and its fatty acid composition is verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer to evaluate the development and utilization value of B. papyrifera seed oil. The results showed that the average oil yield of B. papyrifera seeds was 26.96%, the peroxide value of B. papyrifera seed oil was 0.42 g/100 g, acid value was 0.90 mg/g, iodine value was 134.17 g/100 g, and relative density was 911.87 g/L (25˚C), it is composed of five fatty acids, the only unsaturated fatty acid is linoleic acid, the content is as high as 87.09%, and the other four are saturated fatty acids, namely palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid. The content of acid is 8.17%, 4.56%, 0.12%, 0.06% respectively. B. papyrifera seed oil and other edible vegetable oils were tested on the machine at the same time. Through comparative analysis, it was found that among the 10 kinds of vegetable oils tested, B. papyrifera seed oil had the highest content of linoleic acid, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was higher than that of those high-quality edible vegetable oil (olive oil, sesame oil, walnut oil, ordinary camellia oil) sold in the market, its nutritional value is similar to refined camellia oil, B. papyrifera seed oil has high antioxidant properties, it is a natural functional vegetable oil with great development potential.