家庭功能、应对方式对小学中高年级儿童攻击行为的影响

The Effect of Family Functioning and Coping Styles on Aggressive Behavior for Children in the Higher Grades of Primary School

摘要: 目的：探讨小学中高年级儿童攻击行为、家庭功能和应对方式的关系。方法：方便采样，对669名深圳某小学中高年级儿童施测攻击量表(AQ)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)和简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)。结果：1) 男生的AQ身体攻击因子得分显著高于女生(p < 0.01)，非独生子女AQ中攻击总分以及愤怒因子得分、敌对因子得分均显著高于独生子女(p < 0.05)。2) 四、五、六三个年级在FAD情感介入因子得分、SCSQ消极应对因子得分、以及AQ口头攻击因子得分、AQ敌对因子得分、AQ愤怒因子得分和攻击总分上均存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。3) 相关分析结果显示攻击行为与家庭功能呈显著负相关(p < 0.05)，与应对方式中的“消极应对”呈显著正相关(p < 0.01)。4) 多元逐步回归分析显示，家庭功能各因子与积极应对方式对攻击行为及各因子有显著负向预测作用，消极应对方式对攻击行为及各因子有显著正向预测作用。对“身体攻击”、“口头攻击”、“愤怒”、“敌对”和“攻击总分”的总解释率分别为54.5%、32.2%、31.2%、27.8%与51.3%。结论：家庭功能、应对方式对小学中高年级儿童攻击行为有影响效应，通过对家庭功能和应对方式的干预，可减少儿童攻击行为的发生。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between aggressive behavior, family functioning and coping styles of the higher grades children of primary school. Methods: A total of 669 children in the higher grades of primary school in Shenzhen were tested by Aggression Question (AQ), Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Results: 1) The score of physical aggression factor of AQ of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (p < 0.01), the scores of anger factor, hostility factor and the total score of aggression of non-only-child’s AQ were significantly higher than those of only-child’s AQ (p < 0.05). 2) There were significant differences in the scores of emotional involvement factor of FAD, negative coping factor of SCSQ, verbal aggression factor of AQ, hostility factor of AQ, anger factor of AQ and the total score of aggression of AQ in grade 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). 3) Correlation analysis showed that aggressive behavior was significantly negatively correlated with family functioning (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with negative coping style (p < 0.01). 4) Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the factors of family functioning and positive coping styles had a significant negative predictive effect on the aggressive behavior and its factors, while the negative coping styles had a significant positive predictive effect on the aggressive behavior and its factors. The total explaining rate of these impact factors for physical aggression factor, verbal aggression factor, anger factor, hostility factor and the total score of aggression were 54.5%, 32.2%, 31.2%, 27.8% and 51.3% respectively. Conclusion: Family functioning and coping styles have influence on aggressive behavior of the higher grades children of primary school. The intervention of family functioning and coping styles can reduce the occurrence of children’s aggressive behavior.