从“哀”的字形字义探析传统哀伤表达的特点

Analysis of the Characteristics of Traditional Expressions of Sadness from the Meaning of the Word “Sorrow”

摘要: 研究运用语义分析法对“哀”中蕴含的传统哀伤表达的特点探析，传统哀伤表达的特点主要表现在三个方面：其一，哀伤需要表达，一些传统的哀伤表达的方式为丧亲者的哀伤表达提供了途径和平台，丧亲者的哀伤得以表达，负面情绪得以宣泄，有利于丧亲者走出丧亲的阴霾；其二，“哀，闵也”，引申为哀悼之意，其中蕴含了生者与逝者的社会关系，传统葬礼仪式为亲友邻里互帮互助提供了有效的途径，有利于社会关系的维持，体现其社会功能，也为丧亲者提供了社会支持和心理支持，实现团体咨询的心理功能，且“口”在“衣”内，含包裹之意，对应了儒家提倡的“哀而不伤”、“毁不灭性”的哀伤观念，哀伤表达的节制性；其三，哀伤表达具有阶段性，从丧亲初期浓烈的哀伤表达到后面缓缓的释放，是一个逐步释放的过程。

Abstract: The study used semantic analysis to analyze the characteristics of traditional grief expressions contained in “sorrow”. The characteristics of traditional grief expressions are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, grief needs to be expressed, and some traditional grief expressions are for the bereaved. The expression of grief provides a way and a platform to express the grief of the bereaved and vent negative emotions, which is helpful for the bereaved to get out of the haze of bereavement; Second, “sorrow” includes the social relationship of the deceased, and traditional funeral ceremonies provide an effective way for relatives, the friends and neighbors to help each other, which is conducive to the maintenance of social relations, and reflects their social functions, and also provides social and psychological support for the bereaved. It realizes the psychological function of group consultation, and the “mouth” is inside the “clothing”, which means wrapping, the Confucian concept of grief of moderation. The third point is that the expression of grief is staged, from the intense expression of grief at the beginning of the bereavement to the slow release later, which is a gradual release process.