DMIs类杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌室内活性和田间防效的比较

Comparison of Inhibition Activity and Control Effect of DMIs Fungicides against Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

摘要: 目的：为比较DMIs (甾醇脱甲基抑制剂)类杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌的活性和对赤霉病的防治效果，为生产上杀菌剂的选择提供技术支撑。方法：采用平皿法测定了12种DMIs杀菌剂对禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长的抑制活性和在田间比较了11种DMIs杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果。结果：试验结果表明，以EC₅₀值作为指标，对禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长的抑制活性由高到低依次为叶菌唑 > 丙硫菌唑 > 苯醚甲环唑 > 戊唑醇 > 烯唑醇 > 咪鲜胺 > 氟环唑 > 丙环唑 > 己唑醇 > 氟硅唑 > 三唑酮 > 腈菌唑。以EC₉₅值为指标，抑菌活性由高到低的顺序是丙硫菌唑 > 咪鲜胺 > 戊唑醇 > 烯唑醇 > 氟硅唑 > 苯醚甲环唑 > 叶菌唑 > 氟环唑 > 腈菌唑 > 三唑酮 > 丙环唑 > 己唑醇。田间试验结果表明，在扬花初期和盛花期喷雾两次，11种DMIs杀菌剂中对小麦赤霉病的防治效果较好的是480 g/L丙硫菌唑SC (450 ml/hm²)、40%叶菌唑SC (300 ml/hm²)，其防治效果达70%以上，其次是40%氟硅唑EC (300 ml/hm²)和12.5%烯唑醇WP (750 g/hm²)，其防治效果在50%~60%之间。结论：通过室内和田间比较，确定丙硫菌和叶菌唑作为主要杀菌剂品种可用于小麦赤霉病的防治，其效果优于其它DMIs杀菌剂。

Abstract: Objective: In order to compare the activities of DMIs fungicides (sterol dementhylation inhibitors) against Fusarium graminearum and their control effect against Fusarium headblight, and to provide technical supports for the selection of dungicides in production. Method: The inhibitory activities of 12 DMIs fungicides against Fusarium graminearum mycelial growth were measured by plate method, and the control effects of 11 DMIs fungicides against wheat head blight were compared in field. Result: The results showed that with EC₅₀ value as the index, the order of inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of F. graminearum from hight to low was metconazole > prothioconazole > difenocona-zole > tebuconazole > diniconazole > prochloraz > epoxiconazole > propiconazole > hexaconazole > flusilazole > triadimefon > myclobutanil. With EC₉₅ value as the index, the order of inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of F. graminearum from hight to low was prothioconazole > prochloraz > tebuconazole > diniconazole > flusilazole > difenoconazole > metconazole > epoxiconazole > myclo-butanil > triadimefon > propiconazole > hexaconazole. The best control effect of 11 DMIs fungicides on fusarium head blight of wheat was 480/L prothioconazole SC (450 ml/hm2) and 40% metconazole SC (300 ml/hm²), and control effect was more than 70%. Followed by 40% flusilazole EC (300 ml/hm²) and 12.5% diniconazole WP (750 g/hm²), the control effect was between 50% and 60%. Conclusion: Through indoor and field comparison, it was determined that prothioconazole and metconazole could be used as the main fungicides for the control of wheat fusarium head blight, and their effects were better than other DMIs fungicides.