进化视野下的伦理学研究

Research in Ethics from the Perspective of Evolutionary Theory

摘要: 达尔文将进化论的思想应用于道德的起源分析，以自然主义方式研究道德现象，这一研究范式取得了一系列的成果，被称之为描述性进路。当进化论思想从现象解释层面扩展到实践指导层面时，旨在回答“应当”问题的规范性进路遭到了传统伦理学家的批评，被指责为不合理地跨越了“是”与“应当”。第三条进路则关注道德真理的实在性问题，被称之为形而上学的进路。

Abstract: Darwin applied the ideas of evolution to the origin of morality. The research paradigm studying moral phenomena in a naturalistic way has attained series of results, known as the descriptive approach. As evolutionary thought expands from the level of phenomenological interpretation to the level of practical guidance, the normative approach which aimed at answering the “ought” question has been criticized by traditional ethicists as irrationally crossing “being” and “ought to be”. The third approach, which deals with the question of the reality of moral truth, is called the metaphysical approach.