热液矿床中水晶矿床流体包裹体特征

Characteristics of Fluid Inclusions in Crystal Deposits in Hydrothermal Deposits

摘要: 流体包裹体是矿床研究的研究手段。流体包裹体的研究主要有温度、盐度、密度、成分等，但各种测试仿佛都具有局限性，比如均一温度的有效性、成分测试手段的局限性等。包裹体测定的各种参数可以指示成矿条件(温度、压力等)，包裹体的成分(盐度、挥发分、微量元素、同位素等)可指示成矿流体的来源和矿床的成矿过程，其中同位素的数据意义较大，目前矿床研究中运用的比较多。同时研究包裹体的盐度与均一温度的分布特征、变化趋势以及同位素的含量，可以判断成矿流体的混合与沸腾现象，从而指示矿质以何种方式沉淀。根据围岩与矿体特征，本文将热液型水晶矿床分为花岗岩石英脉型、硅质岩石英脉型、碳酸盐岩石英脉型、碳酸盐岩方解石脉型、碳酸盐岩矿化晶洞型五种类型，根据均一温度、盐度、成分，分析热液型水晶矿床成矿过程。硅质石英脉水晶矿矿床成矿机制是多期流体叠加，碳酸盐中三个类型水晶矿床的成矿环境均比较稳定，形成温度低，是远离岩浆岩的缘故。并根据包裹体研究进展，提出热液型水晶矿床研究方向的意见。

Abstract: Fluid inclusions are the research means of ore deposits. The study of fluid inclusions mainly includes temperature, salinity, density, composition, etc., but all kinds of tests seem to have limitations, such as the validity of homogenization temperature, the limitations of composition testing methods, etc. The parameters measured by inclusion can restrict the ore-forming conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.), and the composition of inclusion can indicate the source of ore-forming fluid and the ore-forming process of the deposit. At the same time, the study of the distribution and trend of inclusions’ salinity and homogenization temperature can distinguish the mixing and separation of ore-forming fluids, thus indicating the way in which the ore deposits are deposited. According to the characteristics of the surrounding rock and ore body in this paper, hydrothermal type crystal deposit can be divided into the five types: quartz vein type granite, siliceous rock vein type, the carbonate rocks vein type, carbonate calcite vein type, carbonate mineralization geode type. According to homogenization temperature, salinity and composition, the mineralization process of hydrothermal crystal deposit is analyzed. The metallogenic mechanism of the siliceous quartz vein crystal deposit is multi-phase fluid superposition. The metallogenic environment of the three types of crystal deposits in carbonate is relatively stable, and the formation temperature is low, which is far away from magmatic rocks. According to the research progress of inclusions, some suggestions on the research direction of hydrothermal crystal deposits are put forward.