重庆开州方言持续体标记

Continuance Markers of Kaizhou Dialect in Chongqing Municipality

摘要: 本文分析了开州方言持续体标记“倒”、“起”、“住”的句法分布和意义、组合类型、历史演变。“倒”的使用频率最高，范围最广，“起”的语法化程度较“倒”来说更低。“住”则只能用于“V住”及“V住V住”结构中。从历时演变上来看，“倒”由中古汉语表附着义的“著”演变而来；“起”由中古汉语趋向动词“起”演变而来；“住”由中古汉语表停止义的“住”演变而来。

Abstract: This article analyzes the syntactic distribution, meaning, combination type and historical evolution of the continuous makers of “dao (倒)”, “qi (起)”, “zhu (住)” in Kaizhou dialect in Chongqing municipality. “Dao (倒)” has the highest usage frequency and the widest range of available. The grammaticalization degree of “qi (起)” is lower than “dao (倒)”. “Zhu (住)” can only be used in “V住” and “V住V住” structures. In terms of historical evolution, “dao (倒)” evolved from “zhe (著)”in modern Chinese dialects, which means attachment; “Qi (起)” evolved from the directional verb “qi (起)” in modern Chinese dialects; “Zhu (住)” evolved from “zhu (住)” in the middle ancient Chinese, which means leave off.