鱼类体色受环境和饲料影响的研究进展

Research Progress of Fish Body Color Influenced by Environment and Feed

摘要: 鱼类的体色在吸引伴侣、捕食猎物、躲避天敌等生存和繁殖行为中发挥着关键作用。其形成是一个复杂的过程，受到内部因素和外部环境因素的共同影响。本文通过文献调查的方式，探讨了影响观赏鱼体色的因素，综合总结了已有文献中关于影响鱼类体色的影响因素，包括色素细胞的含量和分布、遗传、鱼类健康状态以及神经内分泌等内在因素，和涵盖类胡萝卜素、维生素和激素作为饲料添加剂和光照、背景颜色、水深、水温和水体酸碱度等外在环境因素。了解这些因素如何相互作用，有助于养殖者更有效地管理观赏鱼的体色，从而提升其市场和欣赏价值。

Abstract: The coloration of ornamental fish plays a pivotal role in survival and reproductive behaviors such as attracting mates, capturing prey, and evading predators. The development of fish coloration is a complex process influenced by both internal genetic factors and external environmental factors. By means of literature investigation, this paper discussed the factors affecting the body color of fish, and comprehensively summarized the existing literature on the factors affecting the body color of fish, including the content and distribution of pigment cells, genetics, fish health status, neuroendocrine and other internal factors. And covers carotenoids, vitamins and hormones as feed additives and external environmental factors such as light, background color, water depth, water temperature and water pH. Understanding how these factors interact can assist aquaculturists in more effectively managing the coloration of ornamental fish, ultimately enhancing their market value and aesthetic appeal.