唐山海洋牧场口虾蛄生长特征与资源量评估

Growth Characteristics and Resource Assessment of Oratosquilla oratoria of Tangshan Marine Ranch

摘要: 口虾蛄是我国沿海城市的重要渔业资源之一，颇受大众喜爱。根据2014年的9月、2015年的9月、2016年的9月、12月以及2017年3月、4月、5月和6月的资源采样调查，分析了雄性与雌性口虾蛄体重和体长数据，计算了口虾蛄体长体重的生长关系式，求得了体长体重生长方程。估算了雌雄口虾蛄总死亡率、捕捞死亡率和自然死亡率，使用体长股分析法对口虾蛄的资源量进行了评估，结果为：(1) 雄性口虾蛄体长体重关系式W = 0.0012 L^2.114，雌性W = 0.0028 L^1.909；(2) 雄性体长生长方程L_t = 211.5 × [1 − e^{−0.77 (t 0.203)}]。雌性L_t = 220 × [1 − e^{−0.86 (t 0.179)}]；(3) 雄性体重生长方程W_t = 98.99 × [1 − e^{−0.77 (t 0.203)}]^2.114，雌性体重生长方程W_t = 82.82 × [1 − e^{−0.86 (t 0.17907)}]^1.909；(4) 雄性口虾蛄总瞬时死亡率Z为3.92、自然瞬时死亡率M为0.71、捕捞瞬时死亡率F为3.21。雌性口虾蛄瞬时总死亡率为4.93、瞬时自然死亡率M为0.76、瞬时捕捞死亡率F为4.17。根据体长股分析式估算出了唐山海洋牧场雄性口虾蛄资源量为358.89 t，雌性口虾蛄资源量为289.48 t，总资源量为648.37 t。提出了管理建议。

Abstract: Oratosquilla oratoria is an essential fishing species in China’s coastal regions, where it is both popular and delicious. The weight and body length data of the male and female Oratosquilla oratoria were analyzed based on survey data from September 2014, September 2015, September and December 2016, and March, April, May and June 2017; the relationship formula for body length and weight of Oratosquilla oratoria were calculated, and the VBGF of body length and body weight were solved. The total mortality, the natural mortality and the fishing mortality were estimated for both sexes, and the resource size of Oratosquilla oratoria was assessed using the body length frequency analysis method, with the following results: (1) body length-weight relationship formula was W = 0.0012 L^2.114 for male and W = 0.0028 L^1.909 for female Oratosquilla oratoria; (2) the VBGF of body length is L_t = 211.5 × [1 − e^{−0.77 (t 0.203)}] for males and L_t = 220 × [1 − e^{−0.86 (t 0.179)}] for females; (3) the VBGF of weight length is W_t = 98.99 × [1 − e^{−0.77 (t 0.203)}]^2.114 for males and W_t = 82.82 × [1 − e^{−0.86 (t 0.17907)}]^1.909 for females; (4) the total mortality (Z) was 3.92 a⁻¹, the natural mortality (M) was 0.71 a⁻¹, and the fishing mortality (F) was 3.21 a⁻¹ for males; the total mortality (Z) was 4.93 a⁻¹, the natural mortality (M) was 0.76 a⁻¹, and the fishing mortality (F) was 4.17 a⁻¹ for females. Based on length cohort analysis (LCA), we estimated that the biomass of male Oratosquilla oratoria from Tangshan Marine Ranch was 358.89 t, while the biomass of female Oratosquilla oratoria was 289.48 t and the total biomass was 648.37 t, and management recommendations were proposed.