烤烟–蚕豆轮作下施肥模式对烤烟产值量及病害发生的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Yield and Disease Occurrence of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Flue-Cured Tobacco and Broad Bean Rotation System

摘要: 试验以云南宜良植烟区烤烟–蚕豆轮作模式为研究对象，通过田间试验，分析蚕豆秸秆还田及土壤改良剂施用后对烤烟生长发育及田间主要病害发生的影响。结果表明，在烟株生育中后期，与当地常规施肥处理相比，进行秸秆还田、添加土壤改良剂或者适当减少氮肥施用，对烟株的生长发育有明显的促进作用。常规施肥 秸秆还田处理下田间普通花叶病发病率显著高于不施肥处理，但其他处理间差异不显著；常规施肥 土壤改良剂 秸秆还田处理和减氮10% 土壤改良剂 秸秆还田处理下的AUDPC值显著低于不施肥处理、常规施肥处理及常规施肥 秸秆还田处理下的AUDPC值。在当地常规施肥处理下进行秸秆还田可有效提高烟叶的产量和产值。综上所述，在本试验条件下，当地常规施肥基础上进行秸秆还田，添加土壤改良剂对促进烟株中后期生长发育、降低普通花叶病对烟株生长发育的影响及产值量方面有明显的促进作用。

Abstract: In the flue-cured tobacco-broad bean rotation system, which was located in Yiliang, the effects of returning broad bean straw to the field and the application of soil amendments on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and the occurrence of major diseases in the field were analyzed by a field experiment. The results showed that compared with local conventional fertilization treatment, straw returned to the field, added soil amendments, or appropriately reduced nitrogen fertilizer application promoted the growth and development of tobacco plants, significantly, especially during the middle and later stages of tobacco plant growth. The incidence of common mosaic disease in the field under the treatment of conventional fertilization straw returning to the field was significantly higher than that of the treatment without fertilization, but the differences between other treatments were not significant. The AUDPC value under the treatment of amendment straw returning to the field was significantly lower than the AUDPC value under the treatment of no fertilization, conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization straw returning. Returning straw to the field under local conventional fertilization treatment effectively increased the yield and value of tobacco leaves. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, returning straw to the field on the basis of local conventional fertilization and adding soil amendments promoted the growth of tobacco plants during the middle and late stages, reduced the impact of common mosaic diseases on the growth of tobacco plants, and increased the output value effectively.