平台经济视域下的劳动者权益保障：聚焦外卖骑手与所服务企业的法律关系认定问题

Protection of Labor Rights and Interests under the Perspective of Platform Economy: Focusing on the Determination of the Legal Relationship between Takeaway Riders and the Enterprises They Serve

摘要: 外卖骑手是平台经济下产生的一种新型就业形态，灵活的就业模式使得骑手可以自由地选择工作时间，且可获得不低的收入，因而新型就业形态获得蓬勃发展。但外卖骑手与所服务企业之间是否存在劳动关系、如何保障外卖骑手的合法权益也成为社会普遍关注的新问题。本文从平台经济下外卖骑手的用工现状及法律规制出发，分析外卖骑手与所服务企业的法律关系认定的司法裁判现状，总结外卖骑手与所服务企业之间劳动关系认定的困境。在认定外卖骑手与所服务企业之间的法律关系时，应以劳动关系的从属性作为内在核心评判基准，合理调整平台骑手的从属性外观表现评判标准，评判时需综合个案具体情况，兼顾劳动者权益保护与平台新经济形态发展。

Abstract: Takeaway riders are a new type of employment under the platform economy. The flexible employment model allows riders to choose their working hours freely and earn a decent income, thus the new type of employment has been developing vigorously. However, whether there exists a labor relationship between takeaway riders and the enterprises they serve, and how to protect the legal rights and interests of takeaway riders have also become new issues of general concern to the society. This paper analyzes the status quo of employment and legal regulation of takeaway riders under the platform economy, analyzes the status quo of judicial decisions on the determination of the legal relationship between takeaway riders and the enterprises they serve, summarizes the dilemmas of the determination of the labor relationship between takeaway riders and the enterprises they serve. In determining the legal relationship between takeaway riders and the enterprises they serve, the subordination of the labor relationship should be taken as the internal core judgment benchmark, and the platform riders’ subordinate appearance performance judgment standard should be reasonably adjusted, and the judgment should be integrated with the specific circumstances of each case, taking into account the protection of workers’ rights and interests and the development of the platform’s new economic form.