探索新自由主义的核心思想：流派、观点与特征

Exploring the Core Ideas of Neoliberalism: Schools, Views and Characteristics

摘要: 新自由主义是20世纪后半期全球范围内引起广泛关注的一种思想体系。新自由主义作为当代经济学与政治学的重要理论体系，以其独特的思想和政策主张对全球经济格局产生了深远的影响。本文旨在深入探索新自由主义的核心思想，系统梳理其流派、观点与特征。通过回顾其历史发展，分析其理论基础，探讨市场至上、私有化、自由贸易以及财政紧缩等方面的具体体现，来揭示了新自由主义在现代经济学理论中的重要地位及其对现实经济所产生的影响。

Abstract: Neoliberalism is a kind of ideological system that has attracted wide attention worldwide in the second half of the 20th century. As an important theoretical system of contemporary economics and politics, neoliberalism has had a profound impact on the global economic pattern with its unique ideas and policy propositions. This paper aims to deeply explore the core ideas of neoliberalism and systematically sort out its schools, views and characteristics. By reviewing its historical development, analyzing its theoretical basis, and discussing the concrete manifestations of market supremacy, privatization, free trade and fiscal austerity, this paper reveals the important position of neoliberalism in modern economic theory and its impact on real economy.