耳穴压豆疗法减缓患者手术前焦虑的疗效观察

Effectiveness of Auricular Points Plaster Therapy in Reducing Preoperative Anxiety in Patients: An Observational Study

摘要: 目的：观察耳穴压豆减缓患者手术前焦虑紧张的情绪的效果观察。方法：选取140例手术患者采用抛硬币法分为实验组(n = 70例，常规术前指导及耳穴压豆)与对照组(n = 70例，常规术前指导)，分别比较两组干预前、干预后的心率、血压、焦虑紧张程度、睡眠质量、满意度。结果：两组患者基本资料——性别、年龄、住院时间、手术级别进行比较，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，说明观察组和对照组具有可比性。治疗前，观察组中的HAMA评分、PSQI评分与对照组没有显著性差异(P > 0.05)，治疗后，观察组中的HAMA评分、PSQI评分低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，且两组治疗后的HAMA评分、PSQI评分显著低于治疗前(P < 0.001)，观察组中的满意度显著高于对照组(P < 0.001)。对于基础指标，观察组治疗前的心率和舒张压显著低于对照组(P < 0.001)，观察组治疗后的心率和舒张压显著低于对照组(P < 0.001)，且两组治疗后的心率和舒张压显著低于治疗前(P < 0.001)。观察组治疗前的收缩压与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，观察组治疗后的收缩压与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，但两组治疗后的收缩压显著低于治疗前(P < 0.05)。结论：患者手术前普遍存在焦虑情绪，对其予以耳穴压豆的干预措施，能有效减缓术前焦虑紧张情绪，改善睡眠质量。

Abstract: Objective: To observe the effect of auricular acupressure with beans on alleviating preoperative anxiety and tension in patients. Methods:140 surgical patients were selected and divided into an experimental group (n = 70, conventional preoperative guidance and auricular acupressure with beans) and a control group (n = 70, conventional preoperative guidance) using the coin toss method. The heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety and tension levels, sleep quality, and satisfaction before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in basic information such as gender, age, hospital stay, and surgical level between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating that the observation group and the control group were comparable. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in HAMA scores and PSQI scores between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). After treatment, the HAMA scores and PSQI scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Moreover, the HAMA scores and PSQI scores after treatment in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (P < 0.001), and the satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). For basic indicators, the heart rate and diastolic blood pressure before treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001), and the heart rate and diastolic blood pressure after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the heart rate and diastolic blood pressure after treatment in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure before treatment between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure after treatment between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). However, the systolic blood pressure after treatment in both groups was significantly lower than before treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients generally have anxiety before surgery, and intervention measures such as auricular acupressure with beans can effectively alleviate preoperative anxiety and tension and improve sleep quality.