视网膜静脉阻塞的治疗方法的研究

Study on the Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion

摘要: 视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion, RVO)为视网膜血管疾病，是导致视力减退的次要起因。RVO可以根据阻塞的位置分为两种类型：一是(branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO)，即视网膜分支静脉阻塞；二是(central retinal vein occlusion, CRVO)，即视网膜中央静脉阻塞。分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO)是常见情况，而CRVO则发生在中央静脉位置。如果血流系统存在区域缺血，会被视为缺血性CRVO。黄斑区水肿是CRVO发展中一个重要且严重影响患者视力的并发症，甚至影响日常生活自理能力。目前，现代医学对RVO的治疗多基于发病机制，治疗方法的具体作用靶点明确且迅速见效。然而，目前并无一致的RVO治疗规范，主要西医疗法包括激光光凝、手术和药物治疗。本综述旨在综合RVO治疗方法，为RVO患者诊疗提供更多实用建议。主要探讨RVO的治疗手段，包括激光光凝术、抗VEGF药物及玻璃体切除术。

Abstract: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a retinal vascular disease, which is a secondary cause of visual impairment. RVO can be divided into two types according to the location of obstruction: branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), which is branch retinal vein occlusion; the second is central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), that is, central retinal vein occlusion. Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common condition, while CRVO occurs in the central vein. If there is regional ischemia in the blood flow system, it will be regarded as ischemic CRVO. Macular edema is an important complication in the development of CRVO, which seriously affects the patient’s vision and even affects the ability of daily living. At present, the treatment of RVO in modern medicine is mostly based on the pathogenesis, and the specific targets of treatment are clear and effective. However, there is currently no consistent treatment standard for RVO. The main western medicine therapies include laser photocoagulation, surgery and drug therapy. This review aims to synthesize RVO treatment methods and provide more practical suggestions for the diagnosis and treatment of RVO patients. This article mainly discusses the treatment of RVO, including laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF drugs and vitrectomy.