配施土壤调理剂对烤烟生长发育的影响

Effects of Applying Soil Conditioner on the Growth and Development of Flue-Cured Tobacco

摘要: 本试验以红花大金元为试验对象，通过随机田间小区试验，分析当地常规施肥、当地常规施肥 + 土壤调理剂、当地常规施肥减氮10% + 土壤调理剂3种施肥模式对烤烟农艺性状、病害发生、初烤烟叶(C3F)化学品质、经济性状的影响。试验结果表明，在烟株生育中后期，当地常规施肥 + 土壤调理剂处理、当地常规施肥减氮10% + 土壤调理剂处理对烟株主要农艺性状的促进作用优于当地常规施肥处理。在对烟株赤星病的调查中，以当地常规施肥减氮10% + 土壤调理剂处理的病害严重程度最低。在对烟株养分吸收的测定分析结果中得出，以当地常规施肥减氮10% + 土壤调理剂处理对养分吸收的促进效果最好。在对初烤烟叶(C3F)化学品质的分析中得出，不同施肥处理对其均有不同程度的影响，但各处理间差异不显著，总体以当地常规施肥减氮10% + 土壤调理剂处理的表现较好。在经济性状中，添加土壤调理剂的处理总体要优于常规施肥处理，其中在产量、产值以当地常规施肥减氮10% + 土壤调理剂处理的表现较好，产量分别比常规施肥处理和常规施肥处理 + 土壤调理剂高29.28%、25.68%，产值分别高28.44%、11.55%。综上所述，在当地常规施肥减氮10%基础上配合施用土壤调理剂的效果最佳。

Abstract: In this experiment, Honghua Dajinyuan tobacco was used as the test subject. A randomized field plot experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of three fertilization modes—local conventional fertilization, local conventional fertilization plus soil conditioners, and local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen plus soil conditioners—on the agronomic traits, disease incidence, chemical quality of initial cured tobacco leaves (C3F), and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that, in the mid to late growth stages of tobacco plants, both the local conventional fertilization plus soil conditioners treatment and the local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen plus soil conditioners treatment had a more significant positive effect on the main agronomic traits of the tobacco plants compared to the local conventional fertilization treatment. The severity of brown spot (Alternaria alternata) was lowest in the local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen plus soil conditioners treatment. The nutrient absorption analysis results indicated that the local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen plus soil conditioners treatment had the best effect on promoting nutrient uptake. In the chemical quality analysis of the initial cured tobacco leaves (C3F), it was found that the different fertilization treatments had varying degrees of impact, but the differences between the treatments were not significant. Overall, the local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen plus soil conditioners treatment performed the best. In terms of economic traits, treatments with soil conditioners generally outperformed the conventional fertilization treatment. Specifically, the local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen plus soil conditioners treatment showed better performance in yield and value, with yields 29.28% and 25.68% higher and economic values 28.44% and 11.55% higher than the conventional fertilization treatment and the conventional fertilization plus soil conditioners treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the best results were achieved with the local conventional fertilization with a 10% reduction in nitrogen combined with soil conditioners.