王阳明“良知论”视域下学生个体道德建构的现实审视与实践路径

Realistic Review and Practical Path of Students’ Individual Morality Construction from the Perspective of Wang Yangming’s “Conscience Theory”

摘要: 良知作为道德教育的基石，提供了道德教育的可能性。王阳明“良知论”作为心学体系的核心自有其意义与价值。本文从王阳明“良知论”出发，阐释“良知”与“致良知”的基本内涵，以及与个体道德建构相契合的内在意蕴。随后，以“良知论”出发审视当前学生个体道德建构困境，指出当前学生个体道德建构问题外在呈现为道德意识丧失的冷漠与道德行为扭曲的伪善，内在归因为本体良知的孱弱与外在私欲的遮蔽，由此提出塑造个体道德信念，推动个体道德实践和培育个体道德自觉三条实践路径。

Abstract: Conscience, as the foundation of moral education, provides the possibility of moral education. Wang Yangming’s “Conscience Theory” as the core of the psychological system has its own theoretical significance and value. Based on Wang Yangming’s “Conscience Theory”, this paper explains the basic connotation of “conscience” and “the extension of conscience”, as well as the inner meaning of individual morality construction. Then, from the perspective of “Conscience Theory”, this paper examines the realistic dilemma of individual morality construction of students, and points out that the current problem of individual morality construction of students is externally presented as the indifference of loss of moral consciousness and the hypocrisy of distorted moral behavior, and internally attributed to the weakness of ontological conscience and the cover of external selfish desire. It puts forward three practical paths of shaping individual moral belief, promoting individual moral practice and cultivating individual moral consciousness.