我国环境行政公益诉讼制度的反思与重构

Reflections and Reconstruction of China’s Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation System

摘要: 环境行政公益诉讼与环境法的公共法属性相符，在当前日益增多的环境公益问题中显得至关重要。其理论基础在于正确处理司法权和行政权的关系，充分发挥行政机关专业优势的同时，有效监督行政行为，实现对行政机关的有效制约。我国环境行政公益诉讼制度设立时间较短，相关规范和诉讼规则仍存在诸多亟待解决的问题。本文在分析行政公益诉讼机制中所反映的矛盾的基础上，通过介绍国外相关立法实践，总结对我国构建环境行政公益诉讼制度的启示结合我国国情及国外经验，提出解决当前环境行政公益诉讼存在问题的可能思路。

Abstract: Environmental administrative public interest litigation aligns with the public law nature of environmental law and is increasingly crucial in addressing the growing environmental public interest issues. Its theoretical foundation lies in the proper handling of the relationship between judicial power and administrative power, fully leveraging the professional advantages of administrative agencies while effectively supervising administrative actions to achieve effective constraints on administrative agencies. The establishment of China’s environmental administrative public interest litigation system is relatively recent, and there are still many urgent issues to be resolved regarding relevant norms and litigation rules. Based on the analysis of the contradictions reflected in the administrative public interest litigation mechanism and by introducing relevant legislative practices abroad, this article summarizes insights for China to construct an environmental administrative public interest litigation system, combining the national conditions and foreign experiences, and proposes possible approaches to address the current problems in environmental administrative public interest litigation.