标题:
药用植物罗勒同源多倍体诱变的初步研究Preliminary Study on Autotetraploid Mutagenesis of Medicinal Plant Ocimum basilicum
作者:
郭小英, 杨娜, 吴玉香, 赵晓明
关键字:
罗勒, 同源多倍体育种, 秋水仙碱Ocimum Basilicum; Polyploid Breeding; Colchicine
期刊名称:
《Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences》, Vol.4 No.1, 2014-02-28
摘要:
采用秋水仙碱琼脂凝胶涂抹法，处理罗勒(Ocimum basilicum)幼苗茎尖生长点，研究罗勒同源四倍体种质创新的最佳诱变时间。实验证明，0.2%的秋水仙碱诱变72 h，诱变率最高，为32%。和对照株形态比较得知，诱变株矮壮，节间缩短；子叶大且肥厚，脱落时间延迟；生长发育受抑制；真叶出现晚，叶形不对称，叶面凹凸不平，出现卷曲叶、勺状叶等变异；叶色浓绿。统计学分析表明，诱变株较对照株，株高显著降低，第一节间距显著缩短，茎杆显著增粗，叶形指数显著减小，叶绿素含量显著升高，叶片厚度显著增加，第一真叶下表皮单位面积气孔数显著减少，每气孔叶绿体数显著增多，气孔长宽比显著减小。从诱变株与对照株的初步形态变异表明，罗勒的多倍体诱变是成功的, 诱变株的细胞学鉴定和性状稳定还有待于进一步的研究。The seedling apical bud of Ocimum basilicum was painted with colchicine semi-solid in this research. We focused on the best duration time of colchicine and agar on autotetraploid mutagenesis of this medical plant. The result showed that 0.2% colchicine conducted on O. basilicum for 72 h with the highest mutation rate at 32%. Compared to the controls, the mutants had much shorter internodes, more stocky plants, bigger and thicker cotyledons which stayed longer than controls, inhibited growth, delayed euphylla, asymmetrical crimpled and darker green leaves, different leaf division and curled, spoon-like leaves. According to the statistical analysis, there are highly significant differences between the control and the induced plant in the following aspects: lower height, shorter first internode distance, thicker stem, smaller leaf index, higher chlorophyll content, thicker leaf, less stomata number of epidermis under the first true leaf per unit area, more chloroplasts per stoma and smaller length-width ratio of stoma. It was tested that the mutation was successful for this medical plant. It needs further research for cytogenetic identification and character stability.