中国北方干旱半干旱区草地管理政策的理论基础分析——以呼伦贝尔草地为例

Theoretical Basis of Management Policies in Arid and Semi-Arid Grasslands in Northern China—A Case Study from Hulunbeier Grassland

摘要: 草地管理政策涉及面广、影响巨大。只有正确理解了草地生态系统的演化机制并用以指导草地管理政策的发展，才有可能控制我国北方草地整体退化的趋势，使草地生态系统成为一个可持续的系统。均衡生态学理论与非均衡生态学理论只是描述生态系统演化理论上存在的两个极端形式，现实中的生态系统处于均衡与非均衡之间的某一状态。呼伦贝尔草地演化过程同时表现出均衡性特征与非均衡性特征。干旱区发展范式(DDP)在总结全世界干旱区管理的成败经验的基础上，综合了非均衡生态学模型和均衡生态学模型中的合理部分，是干旱区管理理念的最新进展。在DDP原则的指导下，我们可以针对特定的目标草地生态系统的演化特征与演化历史发展出适当的草地管理政策。

Abstract: The policies of Grasslands management have a wide coverage and huge impact. Only have correctly understood the evolution mechanism of grassland ecological system and used it to guide the development of grassland management policies, we may be able to control the degradation trend of grassland in northChinaand to realize the grassland ecosystem’s sustainable development. Equilibrium ecology theory and non-equilibrium ecology theory represent two ends of a spectrum of possibilities of grassland ecosystem evolution. The practical grassland ecosystem usually is at a state of a spectrum of possibilities between the two ends. Taking grassland of Hulunbeier as example, its ecosystem evolution has the characteristics of equilibrium and non-equilibrium at the same time. On the basis of summing up the success or failure experiences of drylands management in the whole world, Dryland Development Paradigm (DDP) synthesized the reasonable parts of equilibrium ecology theory and non-equilibrium ecology theory and was the latest development of drylands management philosophy. Directed by the principles of DDP, we can develop proper policies of grasslands management in accordance with the evolution characteristics and evolution history of particular objective grassland ecosystems.