分层压裂喷砂器研制与应用

Research and Application of Layered Fracturing Sand Blower

摘要: 喷砂器是分层压裂管串中的一个核心工具。喷砂器在分层压裂管串中的作用为：1) 利用喷嘴的节流功能，坐封液压封隔器。2) 建立压裂液液流通道，实现各个设计层位的分层压裂。分层压裂喷砂器，利用投球憋压打滑套结构，实现喷嘴的封闭与打开。在压裂管串中，设置多级喷砂器，与多个封隔器配合，喷砂器自下而上依次连通施工层位封堵下层，分隔层间环空，即可分别建立压裂液与施工目层通道，实施分层压裂施工。喷砂器喷嘴过流面积，依据施工排量及液性等参数设定。现研发的喷砂器喷嘴采用内置式筒体结构，优选陶瓷为喷嘴材料，提高了喷嘴的耐磨性及节流性能的稳定性。现场应用证实喷砂器具备较稳定的使用性能。

Abstract: Sand blower is the core tool of layered fracturing pipe string. The roles of sand blower in layered fracturing pipe string are as follows: 1) throttling function of the nozzle is used for hydraulic packer setting; 2) fracturing fluid flow channel is established to implement stratified fracturing of every designed layer. Stratified fracturing sand blower takes use of pitch pressure-out sliding sleeve structure to control the nozzle’s closing and opening. Multi-level sand blowers in fracturing pipe string are set up, cooperating with multiple packers. Multi-level sand blowers are set up from the bottom to the top in the fracturing string, working with packers which seal the annular and create separate channels to the layers, through which the fracturing fluids are pumped into the layers. The annulus between separated layers establishes respective channel, which connects fracturing fluid and target layer under construction for layered fracturing. The instantaneous area at the time of sand coming out from the sand blower is set based on parameter setting of the construction emission and fluid’s properties. Built-in tube structure is adopted in this new designed sand blower nozzle and ceramics are selected for the nozzle material which could improve the wearing resistance of the nozzle and the stability of throttling performance. Field application has proved that sandblasting equipment has very stable performance.