唐山市农业用水特征与节水效益分析计算

Analysing and Calculating the Feature of Agri-cultural Water Use and Benefit of Water Saving in Tangshan City

摘要: 通过对唐山市农业用水特征与节水效益分析研究，掌握农业用水有关参数，为制定农业节水规划、合理利用水资源提供科学依据。根据唐山市2001~2013年用水资料及国民经济发展统计资料，采用数理统计法，对唐山市农业用水结构、农业灌溉用水指标、农业用水效益及农业节水措施等分析。唐山市多年平均用水量27.2046亿m³，其中农业用水量16.8666亿m³，占多年平均用水量的62.00%；由于开展各种节水措施，唐山市粮食产量平均每年增加7.0539万t，而用水量(水田和水浇地)平均每年减少0.3427亿m³；根据唐山市2011年农业节水灌溉资料统计，唐山市有效灌溉面积716.96万亩，其中节水灌溉面积238.76万亩，节水灌溉面积占有效灌溉面积的33.30%。唐山市农业节水效果显著，利用近年来取得的节水经验和节水管理经验，使农业节水发挥更大的经济效益和社会效益。

Abstract: We research the feature of agricultural water use and benefit of water saving in Tangshan city, and master the parameters about agricultural water use; these can provide the scientific basis for using water resources. According to water use data and statistical data on national economic development from 2001 to 2013 years of Tangshan city, using the method of mathematical statistics, we analyse the structure of agricultural water use, the index of agricultural irrigation water, agricultural water use efficiency and the measures of agricultural water saving. The water consumptions of multi-year average in Tangshan city are 2.72046 billion m³, among which agricultural water consumptions are 1.68666 billion m³, which account for 62% that of multi-year average. Because of applying measures of water saving, the grain yield of Tangshan city increases 70.539 thousand tons in average years, however water consumption decreases 34.27 million m³. According to agricultural water-saving irrigation data, the effective irrigation areas of Tangshan city are 7.1696 million mu, among which the water-saving irrigation areas are 2.3876 million mu, and the water-saving irrigation areas account for 33.30% of effective irrigation areas. The effect of agricultural water saving in Tangshan city is notable. Utilizing the experience of water saving management in recent years, agricultural water saving can bring more economic benefits and social benefits.