2013年气候对水城县红阳猕猴桃物候期的影响

Effect of the Climate on Phenological Period of Hongyang Kiwifruit in 2013 of Shuicheng County

摘要: 为了探明2013年气候对贵州西部水城县红阳猕猴桃物候期影响。选取水城县北部的勺米、东部的猴场、蟠龙、米箩、西部的杨梅、发耳、鸡场和南部的顺场共8个红阳猕猴桃种植区，利用8个种植区2013年气温、降水实时资料与红阳猕猴桃各物候期进行试验研究。2013年红阳猕猴桃全生育期平均气温14.8℃~ 18.1℃，>10℃积温4757.2℃~6211.7℃∙d；红阳猕猴桃休眠期(2012年12月~2013年1月)月平均气温4.5℃~9.6℃，且日平均气温最低值为勺米的−3.1℃，其休眠期未出现低温冻害；果实迅速膨大期的7月平均气温22.2℃~25.5℃，且在其膨大期极端最高气温为31.0℃~35.6℃，其膨大期未出现高温热害。红阳猕猴桃全生育期降水量439.0~913.4 mm，且降水量存在明显的空间分配不均现象，呈南北多、东西少分布；开花–坐果期降水量0~17.4 mm，果实迅速膨大期降水量186.3~459.2 mm，且果实迅速膨大期降水量的多少与果实横向直径、纵向直径值的大小有密切的关系。2013年热量充足，完全能满足红阳猕猴桃生长发育需求；降水量偏少，不能满足红阳猕猴桃生长发育需求。

Abstract: The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of climate on phonological period and the de-velopment of Hongyang kiwifruit during 2013 in Shuicheng County of Western Guizhou. Based on temperature and rainfall data of 8 automatic weather stations, which were Shaomi in north, Hou-chang, Panlong, Miluo in east, Yangmei, Faer, Jichang in west and Shunchang in south, and phono-logical period observation of Hongyang kiwifruit during 2013, meteorological impacts were expe-rimentally studied. The results showed that average temperature of the whole growth period was between 14.8˚C and 18.1˚C, and integrated temperature was above 10˚C between 4757.2˚C•d and 6211.7˚C•d. Monthly average temperature in dormant period was between 4.5˚C and 9.6˚C; mini-mum temperature was −3.1˚C in Shaomi, and there was no freezing injury. Average temperature of July was between 22.2˚C and 25.5˚C; maximum temperature was between 31.0˚C and 35.6˚C in the fruit expanding period, and there was no heat damage. The precipitation of the whole growth period was between 439.0 mm and 913.4 mm; the rainfall distributed unequally, more in the north and south, and less in the east and west. The precipitation was 0 - 17.4 mm in the period from blossom to fruit setting and 186.3 - 459.2 mm in the fruit expanding period. There was a close relationship between fruit size and precipitation during the fruit expanding period. The studies suggested that the sufficient heat quantity could meet kiwifruit growth in Hongyang, while less rainfall could not in 2013.