橡胶树基腐病致病菌——木贼镰刀菌的分离及鉴定
Isolation and Identification of Fusarium equiseti Causing Rubber Tree Stem Rot
DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2017.79084, PDF,  被引量    国家科技经费支持
作者: 秦云霞, 戚继艳, 龙翔宇, 方永军, 唐朝荣*:中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,农业部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南 儋州;卢基来, 周慧珍:海南大学热带农林学院和热带作物学院,海南 海口
关键词: 橡胶树茎腐病镰刀菌药剂筛选Rubber Tree Stem Collar Rot Disease Hevea brasiliensis Fungicide Screening
摘要: 镰刀菌种类繁多,地理分布复杂,寄主范围广,寄生繁殖能力强,大部分对植物具有致病性和毁灭性。近来,由镰刀菌引起的橡胶树病害在中国植胶区内发生并呈现逐渐增加趋势。为了查明海南广坝植胶区的一株橡胶幼树枯死的原因,本文通过病原菌分离、形态学、分子生物学和致病性鉴定等方法,最终确定该致病菌是一种木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti),这里命名为Fusarium-Hb。由于该镰刀菌在条件合适的情况下致病性强,又因为其对温度(16℃~35℃)和pH适应范围广(pH 4~11),光照比黑暗条件下更易形成孢子,能产生大量大、小分生孢子及厚垣孢子,因而该病原菌是需要引起重视的病原菌。另外,本研究通过5种单剂药效筛选试验表明,40%福星乳油是防治该镰刀菌的首选药剂;其次为70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂。本文是木贼镰刀菌引起橡胶树枯死的致病菌的首次报道,并为大田防治提供了有效的防治药剂。
Abstract: Fusarium spps. are diverse and exist widely, with a large range of hosts and capability of rapid propagation, making them as pathogens even lethal to most of plants. Recently, diseases caused by Fusarium spps. occur frequently in rubber tree plantation in China. In order to find the death reason of a young rubber tree in Hainan Guangba region, one pathogen was finally identified as Fusarium equiseti based on its pathogenicity, morphology and molecular identification, named as Fusarium-Hb in this study. Owing to its high pathogenicity and its easy adaption to light, temperature and a large range of pH 4 - 11 growth condition, this Fusarium-Hb could produce abundant microspores, macrospores and chlamydospores, which should be given enough attention in future. In addition, the most efficient fungicide agents and adoptions were screened by comparison with the inhibition effect of five fungicide single agents on Fusarium-Hb. These results showed that 40% Fuxing emulsifiable concentrates were the first choice for killing Fusarium-Hb and 70% thiophanate methyl powder was the second. In a word, Fusarium-Hb was firstly identified as pathogen of killing rubber tree and the most efficient fungicides were selected out for application to field management in this study.
文章引用:秦云霞, 卢基来, 周慧珍, 戚继艳, 龙翔宇, 方永军, 唐朝荣. 橡胶树基腐病致病菌——木贼镰刀菌的分离及鉴定[J]. 农业科学, 2017, 7(9): 621-629. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJAS.2017.79084

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