转基因种植对土壤理化性质的潜在影响
Study on Potential Impacts of Genetically Modified Cultivation on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2012.24014, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 罗明云, 陈慧：西华师范大学国土资源学院
关键词: 转基因；棉花；根际；土壤性质；Transgenic; Cotton; Rhizosphere; Soil Properties
摘要: 转Bt基因作物的释放对土壤的功能影响近年来已成为生物安全研究中的热点问题，弄清其对土壤功能的具体影响对于生物安全保护至关重要。本文以华北棉区为研究区，通过实验来试图弄清转基因棉对棉区棉花根际土壤性质的影响。研究结果表明：棉花根际土壤pH值大部分上升；土壤有机质中的全碳、全氮，碱解氮除一取样点上升外，其余均下降；速效P、速效K含量则呈上升趋势。另外，土壤pH值、全碳、全氮、碱解氮在种间差异随品系变化而变化，而速效P，速效K则不存在此变化。
Abstract: With the application and promotion of genetically modified crops, the safe of Bt-transgenic crops on soil had become one of the hot spot. In present study, two parallel experiments were conducted to compare the impacts of transgenic cotton on the rhizosphere soil properties in northern China. Research results show that: the cotton rhizosphere pH value most rise; soil organic matter in a full carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen in addition to a sampling point upward, the rest were decreased; available P, K content shows ascendant trend. In addition, the soil pH value, total carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen in interspecific differences with the strain variation, and the available P, available K does not exist for this change.
文章引用：罗明云, 陈慧. 转基因种植对土壤理化性质的潜在影响[J]. 农业科学, 2012, 2(4): 85-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/HJAS.2012.24014

参考文献

[1] F. S. Betz, B. G. Hammond and R. L.Fuchs. Safety and advan- tages of Bacillus thuringiensis protected plants to control insect pest. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2000, 32(2): 156- 173.
[2] C.-X. Sun, L.-J. Chen and Z.-J. Wu. Research advances in soil persistence characteristics of toxins released by transgenic Bt crops and their relationships with soil properties. Chinese Jour- nal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(11): 1478-1482.
[3] P. P. Motavlli, R. J. Kremer, M. Fang, et al. Impact of geneti- cally modified crops and their management on soil microbially plant nutrient transformations. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2004, 33(3): 816- 824.
[4] 孙向阳主编. 土壤学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2005.
[5] A. I. Aronson, W. Beckman and P. Dunn. Bacillus thuringiensis and related insect pathogens. Microbiological Reviews, 1986, 50(1): 1-24.
[6] H. Bietlot, P. R. Carey, C. Choma, et al. Facile preparation and characterization of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Biochemical Journal, 1989, 260(1): 81-97.
[7] C. Crecchio, G. Stotzky. Insecticidal activity and biodegradation of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bound to humic acids from soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1998, 30(4): 463-470.
[8] C. Crecchio, G. Stotzky. Biodegradation and insecticidal activity of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bound to complexes of montmorillonite-humic acids-Al hydroxypolymers. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001, 33(4-5): 573-581.
[9] P. Fusi, G. Ristori, L. Calamai, et al. Adsorption and binding to protein on “clean” (homoionic) and “dirty” (coated with Fe hy- droxides) motmorillonite illite and kaolinite. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1989, 21: 911-920
[10] J. Koskella, G. Stotzky. Microbial utilization of free and clay bound insecticidal toxins from and their retention of insecticidal activity after incubation with microbes. Applied and Environ- mental Microbiology, 1997, 63(9): 3561-3568.
[11] F. J. Stevenson. Humus chemistry: Genesis, composition, reactants. New York: Wiley, 1982.
[12] G. Stotzky. Influence of soil mineral colloids on metabolic pro- cesses, growth, adhesion, and ecology of microbes and viruses. In: P. M. Huang, M. Schnitzer, Eds., Interactions of Soil Miner- als with Natural Organics and Microbes, Madison: Soil Science Society America, 1986: 305-428.
[13] G. Stotzky. Persistence and biological activity in soil of insecti- cidal proteins from and of bacterial DNA bound on clays and humic acids. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000, 29(3): 691- 705.
[14] H. Tapp, Calamail, G. Stotzky. Adsorption and binding of the insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiends subsp. kurstaki and subsp. Tenebrionis on clay. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1994, 26: 663-679.
[15] H. Tapp, G. Stotzky. Dot blot enzyme-1inked immumosorbent assay for monitoring the fate of Bacillus thuringiends in soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995, 61(2): 602-609.
[16] H. Tapp, G. Stotzky. Insecticidal activity toxins from Bacillus thuringiends subsp. kurstaki and tenebrionis absorbed and bound on pure and soil clays. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995, 61(5): 1786-1790.
[17] H. Tapp, G. Stotzky. Monitoring of insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiends in soil by flow cytometry. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1997, 43(11): 1074-1078.
[18] H. Tapp, G. Stotzky. Persistance of the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiends subsp. kurstaki in soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1998, 30(4): 471-476.
[19] R. J. Van, W. H. McGaughey, D. E. Jonhson, et al. Mechnism of insect resistance to the microbial insecticide of Bacillus thurin- giends. Science, 1987, 247(4938): 72-74.
[20] J.-W. Wang, Y.-J. Feng and S.-M. Luo. Effects of transgenic crops on soil ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(4): 491-494.
[21] C.-X. Sun, et al. Changes of nutrients in soil o f transgenic Bt crops. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(5): 943- 946.

为你推荐