心肌ECM研究进展：心肌ECM的获取、评价、和改造

Progress on Cardiac Extracellular Matrix (ECM): Acquirement, Evaluation and Modification of Cardiac ECM

摘要: 急、慢性心肌梗死导致功能性心肌细胞坏死，心泵功能受损，可利用组织工程技术将心肌细胞与细胞外支架制备成心肌补丁进行心功能修复。心肌细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM)被认为是构建细胞外支架的理想材料。使用ECM构建重组心肌是心肌组织工程研究的重要方向。脱细胞处理制得的ECM具备较低的免疫原性、强大的自我更新能力以及良好的生物相容性。目前心肌ECM的制备方法多种多样，相对彻底的脱细胞化处理是消除免疫原性的必要步骤，但同时会造成ECM超微结构的破坏，不利于ECM重细胞化和心肌重建。研究者尝试通过各种手段检测并评价脱细胞方法的效果，不断改良脱细胞化技术，并通过修饰和改造心肌ECM，提升其生物相容性和机械性能。本综述围绕心肌ECM的获取、评价、和改造，对目前组织工程的心肌ECM相关研究新进展进行总结。 Both acute and chronic myocardial infraction can lead to necrosis of functional myocardial cells as well as impaired cardiac-pump function. The cardiac patches generated from cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix scaffold by tissue engineering can be used to repair the impaired function. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) has been widely considered as an ideal source of biological scaffolds, and the application of ECM in myocardial reconstruction is one of the main research fields in myocardial tissue engineering. ECM, generated from the process of decellularization, has relatively low immunogenecity, strong self-renewal ability and good biocompatibility. Currently, the methodology of cardiac ECM is greatly diversified. Although thorough decellularization is the essential process of eliminating immu-nogenecity, it will damage the ultrastructure of ECM, having a negative effect on recellularization and myocardial re-construction afterwards. Researchers are trying various methods to detect and evaluate the effect of decellularization, and continuously optimize the protocol of decellularization. Moreover, they promote the biocompatibility and me-chanical properties of cardiac ECM by modifying and transforming it. Our review focuses on the acquisition, evaluation and modification of cardiac ECM, and summarizes the recent research progress on it.