关于乔木状石松植物茎压印化石主要分类性状的评述
Notes on the Key Taxonomic Characters of Arborescent Lycopsid Stem Adpressions
DOI: 10.12677/BR.2013.23012, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 3,311  浏览: 11,348  国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 王 祺：中国科学院植物研究所，系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京;中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室，南京；徐洪河：中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室，南京；申 思：中国科学院植物研究所，系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京
关键词: 乔木状石松植物；茎压印化石；分类性状；泥盆纪； Arborescent Lycopsids; Stem Adpressions; Taxonomic Characters; Devonian
摘要:

乔木状石松植物在晚古生代植物群中一直引人注目，是最早在中泥盆世(约393~383百万年前)就进化出两极生长、乔木和异孢习性的维管植物类群之一。本文评述了乔木状石松植物茎压印化石一些主要的分类性状以及相关术语，包括叶座、叶痕、通气道痕、叶舌和叶序。建议这些分类性状在使用中应该规范，并强调了它们的生物学和埋藏学意义。

Abstract: The Late Palaeozoic arborescent lycopsids are one of the conspicuous vascular plant groups, which have developed the bipolar growth, tree and heterosporous habits since the Middle Devonian (ca. 393 - 383 million years ago). In this paper, the key taxonomic characters and relevant terminology on stem adpressions of arborescent lycopsids are reviewed. These characters include leaf cushion, leaf scar, parichnos scar, ligule, and phyllotaxy. We suggest that the taxonomic characters should be defined properly, with considerations to their biological and taphonomic implications in practice.

文章引用：王祺, 徐洪河, 申思. 关于乔木状石松植物茎压印化石主要分类性状的评述[J]. 植物学研究, 2013, 2(3): 67-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/BR.2013.23012

参考文献

[1] H. H. Xu, Y. Wang and Q. Wang. A new homosporous, arbores- cent lycopsid from the Middle Devonian of Xinjiang, Northwest China. Palaeontology, 2012, 55(5): 957-966.
[2] C. Y. Cai, L. Z. Chen. On a Chinese Givetian lycopod, Lon- gostachys latisporophyllus Zhu, Hu and Feng, emend.: Its mor- phology, anatomy and reconstruction. Palaeontographica Ab- teilung B, 1996, 238: 1-43.
[3] Q. Wang, C. S. Li, B. Y. Geng and S. Chitaley. A new species of Lepidostrobus from the Upper Devonian of Xinjiang, China and its bearing on the phylogenetic significance in the order isoëtales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143(1): 55-67.
[4] L. Grauvogel-Stamm, B. Lugardon. The Triassic lycopsids Pleuromeia and Annalepis: Relationships, evolution, and origin. American Fern Journal, 2001, 91(3): 115-149.
[5] Q. Wang. Proposal to conserve the name Pleuromeia with that spelling (fossil Lycopsida). Taxon, 2008, 57(2): 659-660.
[6] B. A. Thomas, S. V. Meyen. A system of form-genera for the Upper Palaeozoic lepidophyte stems represented by compres-sion-impression material. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1984, 41(3-4): 273-281.
[7] D. H. Scott. Studies in fossil plants. 1. Pteridophyta. 3rd Edition, New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1962: 1-434.
[8] F. O. Bower. Primitive land plants. 2nd Edition, New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1959: 1-658.
[9] T. N. Taylor, E. L. Taylor and M. Krings. Paleobotany: The biology and evolution of fossil plants. 2nd Edition, Burlington: Academic Press, 2009: 1-1230.
[10] W. G. Chaloner, B. Meyer-Berthaud. Leaf and stem growth in the Lepidodendrales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1983, 86(1-2): 135-148.
[11] J. D. Grierson, H. P. Banks. Lycopods of the Devonian of New York State. Palaeontographica Americana, 1963, 4: 1-295.
[12] B. A. Thomas, C. J. Cleal. The coal measures forest. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, 1993: 1-32.
[13] W. A. DiMichele. Arborescent lycopods of Pennsylvanian age coals: Lepidodendron, with description of a new species. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 1981, 175: 85-125.
[14] C. Wnuk. The ontogeny and paleoecology of Lepidodendron rimosum and Lepidodendron bretonense trees from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Bernice Basin (Sullivan County, Pennsyl- vania). Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 1985, 195: 153-181.
[15] R. M. Bateman, W. A. DiMichele and D. A. Willard. Experi- mental cladistic analysis of anatomically preserved arborescent lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An essay on paleobotanical phylogenetics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1992, 79(3): 500-559.
[16] 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所. 中科院植物研究所, 编著. 中国植物化石第一册: 中国古生代植物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1974: 1-277.
[17] B. A. Thomas, C. J. Cleal. Abscission in the fossil record. In: M. H. Kurmann, A. R. Hemsley, Eds., The evolution of plant archi- tecture. Whitstable: Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd., 1999: 183- 203.
[18] B. A. Thomas. Carboniferous Lepidodendraceae and lepidocar- paceae. Botanical Review, 1978, 44(3): 321-364.
[19] Q. Wang, S. G. Hao, D. M. Wang, Y. Wang and T. Denk. A late Devonian Arborescent Lycopsids Sublepidodendron songziense emend (Sublepidodendraceae Kräusel et Weyland 1949), with a revision of the genus Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer 1927. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2003, 127(3-4): 269- 305.
[20] 李星学. 东亚华夏植物群的鳞木类植物[J]. 中国科学, 1980, 2: 166-171.
[21] 邓龙华. 西藏早石炭世一种鳞木新知[J]. 古生物学报, 1978, 17(2): 230-231.
[22] S. V. Meyen. Carboniferous and Permian lepidophytes of Anga- raland. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 1976, 157: 112-157.
[23] S. V. Meyen. Are there ligula and parichnos in Angara Carbonif- erous lepidophytes? Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1972, 14(1-2): 149-157.
[24] M. K. Mensah, W. G. Chaloner. Lower Carboniferous lycopods from Ghana. Palaeontology, 1971, 14(2): 357-369.
[25] C. M. Berry, D. Edwards. A new species of the lycopsid Gilbo- phyton Arnold from the Devonian of Venezuela and New York State, with a revision of the closely related genus Archaeosigillaria Kidston. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1997, 96(1-2): 47-70.
[26] H. N. Andrews, C. B. Read and S. H. Mamay. A Devonian ly- copod stem with well-preserved cortical tissues. Palaeontology, 1971, 14(1): 1-9.
[27] B. A. Roy, L. C. Matten. Lycopods from the New Albany Shale. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 1989, 212: 1-45.
[28] W. A. DiMichele. Lepidodendron hickii and generic delimitation in Carboniferous lepidodendrid lycopods. Systematic Botany, 1983, 8(3): 317-333.
[29] E. Cavot-Abrigeon, Y. Lemoigne. La ligule chez les Ptérido- phytes fossiles et actuelles. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 1978, 47(9): 506-516, 581-594.
[30] J. D. Grierson, P. M. Bonamo. Leclercqia complexa: Earliest liguate lycopod (Middle Devonian). American Journal of Botany, 1979, 63(9): 474-476.
[31] D. E. Bilderback. Association of mucilage with the ligule of several species of Selaginella. American Journal of Botany, 1987, 74(7): 1116-1121.
[32] 李星学, 窦亚伟, 孙喆华. 论薄皮木属——据发现于新疆准噶尔地区的新材料[J]. 古生物学报, 1986, 25(4): 349-379.
[33] 蔡重阳, 吴秀元. 具叶舌痕的圆印木状茎干在安徽巢湖上泥盆统的首次发现[J]. 古生物学报, 1994, 33(1): 75-84.
[34] Q. Wang, B. Y. Geng and D. L. Dilcher. New perspective on the architecture of the Late Devonian arborescent lycopsid Lepto- phloeum rhombicum (Leptophloeaceae). American Journal of Botany, 2005, 92(1): 83-91.
[35] B. A. Thomas. Ulodendron Lindley and Hutton and its cuticle. Annals of Botany, New Series, 1967, 31 (124): 775-782.
[36] 王祺, 郝守刚. 亚鳞木属[Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer, 1927]的研究述评[J]. 古生物学报, 2003, 42(4): 598-612.
[37] B. A. Thomas, J. Watson. A rediscovered 114-foot Lepidoden- dron from Bolton, Lancashire. Geological Journal, 1976, 11(1): 15-20.
[38] J. Z. Xue. Phylogeny of Devonian lycopsids inferred from Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2011, 85(3): 569-580.
[39] J. McNeill, F. R. Barrie, W. R. Buck, V. Demoulin, W. Greuter, D. L. Hawksworth, P. S. Herendeen, S. Knapp, K. Marhold, J. Prado, W. F. Prud’Homme van Reine, G. F. Smith, J. H. Wiersema and N. J. Turland. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Königstein, Koeltz Scientific Books. Regnum Vegetabile, 2012, 154: 1-208.