会话含义新探——暗示或明示还是隐含？

Revisiting Conversational Meaning——Is It Implicature, Explicature or Impliciture?

摘要: Grice(1975)区分直义和含义，指出字意和用意的区别，他的理论开创语言意义研究的先河。随着语用学的兴起与发展，会话含义理论越来越受到重视也引起了各学派对其理论的各种争议。不同的学者针对他(1989)提出的一般会话含义提出了不同的概念，即明示(关联理论学派，1986)、一般会话含义(新格莱斯学派，1995)、隐含(Bach, 1994)。本文将讨论各学派的论点并给予合理的界定；着重讨论Bach提出的隐含理论及其实现机制；最后将阐述近年来国内外关于“隐含”进行的相关实验研究。

Abstract: Grice (1975) makes a clear distinction between what is said and what is implicated, emphasizing the differences between the speaker’s meaning and sentence meaning. His theory brings forth the study of language meaning and leads to various controversial issues. Different authors have different notions, such as explicature, implicature, impliciture, to account for the phenomena labeled as Gnerelazied Conversational Implicatures (GCIs). Bach (1994) introduced the term of impliciture instead of GCIs and explicature. This paper will discuss those different arguments and give reasonable definition to each terminology; and mainly focus on impliciture proposed by Bach; finally, we give a brief introduction to a few related experimental pragmatic researches.