重庆市高中生自杀意念的现状及影响因素初探

A Preliminary Study of the Status Quo and the Influence Factors of Senior High School Students’ Suicide Ideation

摘要:  为探讨高中生自杀意念的现状及影响因素，采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格特征问卷(EPQ)、自杀意念发生率量表对重庆市14所高中10,384名学生进行问卷调查，发现：1) 重庆市高中生自杀意念低，自杀意念发生率为59.4%，自杀未遂率为2.6%。不同性别、来源高中生生自杀意念程度存在显著差异；不同性别、来源、年级高中生自杀意念发生率均存在显著差异。2) 忧郁、神经质、其他、强迫、敌对、人际、躯体、精神、内外向、精神质是高中生自杀意念的重要影响因素。建议学校在自杀预防与危机干预工作中加强对忧郁、情绪不稳定、饮食睡眠障碍、敌意、精神症状、内向、自我中心这类对象的关注。

Abstract: To explore the status quo and the influence factors of senior high school students’ suicide ideation, 10,384 students who come from 14 high schools in Chongqing city were tested with the Symptom Check List (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Incidence of Suicide Ideation Scale. The results were as follows: 1) The suicide ideation of senior high school students in Chongqing is low, the incidence of suicide ideation was 59.4% and the attempted suicide rate was 2.6%. There were significant differences for gender and backgrounds in the degree of suicide ideation of senior high school students; there were significant differences for gender, backgrounds and grades in the incidence of suicide ideation of senior high school students. 2) Melancholy, nervosity, others, compulsion, hostile, interpersonal relationships, physical symptoms, spirit, extroversion or introversion and psychoticism were the important factors on senior high school students’ suicide ideation. We suggest that suicidal prevention and crisis intervention should pay more attention to the students who are melancholy, low on emotional stability, have diet or sleep problems, hostility, psychotic symptoms, introversion, egocentricity.