摘要: 本文以湘江流域为研究区域，构建SWAT模型数字高程、土壤、土地利用及水文气象数据库，利用该流域1991~2005年日雨量和日径流资料，对湘江流域的涟水、渌水、洣水、衡阳以上以及衡阳到湘潭区间5个区域进行参数敏感性分析及率定。研究表明，在SWAT模型的参数中，alpha基流因子、河道曼宁系数等参数在以径流效率系数为优化目标的参数率定过程中具有较强敏感性；在检验期2001~2005年，湘江干流衡阳站和湘潭站的径流效率系数Ens均达到0.7以上，3个支流站径流效率系数也超过0.6，且水量平衡系数RE绝对值均控制在10%以内，说明湘江流域SWAT模型日径流模拟效果良好。
Abstract:
A distributed SWAT model was introduced and applied in Xiangjiang basin. To construct the database of SWAT, those data, including DEM, land use, soil and hydro-meteorology have been collected, transformed and analyzed. The sensitive analysis of parameters, as well as their calibration and validation, was carried out in five sub-basins, by using the daily rainfall and runoff data from 1991 to 2005. The result shows that among these parameters, the alpha coefficient and Manning coefficient have high sensitivity in the five regions when the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Ens) was the objective function. During the validation period from 2001 to 2005, the Nash-Sut- cliffe efficiency coefficients of five sub-basins in Xiangjiang basin are all over 0.6, and the coefficients of water balance in five sub-basins are all within 10%, which shows that SWAT model has a good performance in simulating daily runoff in Xiangjiang basin.