系统备用均衡的发电机组检修模型与算法

Generator Maintenance Scheduling Model and Algorithm for Balanced System Reserve

摘要: 等备用容量或等备用率是安排发电机组检修计划的一项重要原则。本文针对系统备用率时间均衡的目标，建立了最大化备用率下界的发电机组检修计划模型，从而避免了传统方法以方差最小为二次目标函数带来的求解困难，提高了检修计划模型的优化计算速度和鲁棒性。在迭代计算过程中，通过启发式方法寻找起作用约束条件，并在下一次优化计算中对其进行修改，在非起作用约束对应的时段中继续对备用率下界进行优化，与传统方法相比拓展了优化空间，更好地达到备用率均衡度最优的目标。一方面，本文建立了严格的数学模型对机组检修计划进行优化，保证了全局最优性；另一方面，本文利用启发式方法提高了最优解的搜索速度。算例表明本文模型与算法具有良好的优化精度与计算速度，完全能够满足工程实践要求。

Abstract: Balanced system reserve capacity or reserve rate is an important principle of generators maintenance scheduling. This paper proposes a generators maintenance scheduling model which maximizes the lower bound of system reserve rates, in order to achieve balanced system reserve rates. This model avoids the computational difficulties from which traditional approaches suffer because of the quadratic objective function of minimum variance, and greatly improves the computation speed and robustness of optimization. Meanwhile, this paper proposes a heuristic approach which finds the active constraints and modifies them in next iteration, so as to continuously optimizes the lower bound of system reserve rates at remaining periods, thus expanding the optimization space compared to traditional approaches and reaching better optimality regarding balance of reserve rates. On the one hand, this paper establishes a rigorous mathematical model to optimize generators maintenance scheduling model, thus guarantees the global optimality; on the other hand, heuristic approach is employed to improve computational efficiency. Case studies show the optimality and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm, indicating that the method can be effectively applied to industrial practices.